| Citation: | SONG Wei, LIU Jing-han, GAO Rui-hong. Research on the method for improving the performance of differential wavefront sensing based on adaptive optics technology[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2026-0028
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The Space Gravitational Wave detection program intends to use three satellites in space to establish an equilateral triangle constellation structure, and realize the detection of gravitational wave signals in the middle and low frequency bands by laser heterodyne interference. Laser capture and pointing technology is used to achieve high-precision alignment of beams between satellites, and the construction of three bidirectional laser links is realized. Differential wavefront sensing (DWS) technology is the core of laser tracking and pointing stage, and it is the key to achieve nanoradian Angle resolution. In order to fully verify the on-orbit feasibility of the laser capture and tracking system, it is necessary to carry out long-distance ground verification experiments on the principle prototype. However, the transmission of light in the atmosphere will seriously affect the Angle measurement ability of DWS technology, and it is urgent to find a scheme to suppress the interference. Therefore, this paper systematically analyzes the influence of atmosphere on DWS by means of numerical simulation, and proposes the introduction of adaptive optics technology to compensate the interference of atmosphere on DWS signal for the first time. Then, a laser tracking and pointing experimental system with dual control loops based on DWS signal and wavefront measurement is designed and built. The experimental results show that in the 0.1 Hz−1 Hz frequency band, the performance of the same frequency band can be improved by about 10 times, which fully demonstrates that the adaptive optics system can effectively improve the measurement ability of DWS in the atmospheric environment, laying a foundation for the subsequent long-distance ground verification of laser capture and pointing system in atmospheric environment.
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