| Citation: | YU Bo, BAO Xu-dong, SONG Wei, MENG Fan-jun. Coherence characteristics of optical transmission based on an atmosphere-wave-ocean coupling model[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2025-0152
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During downward laser transmission across the air–sea domain, beam propagation is influenced by a range of complex, multi-source and multi-scale perturbations, including atmospheric turbulence, fluctuations at the air–sea interface, and oceanic turbulence. This study investigates the evolution of beam spatial coherence and introduces an analytical approach based on a composite perturbation model. The composite model integrates Kolmogorov turbulence theory, the Pierson–Moskowitz (P–M) sea-surface wave spectrum, and the slant-path oceanic refractive-index power spectrum. By employing the Rytov approximation, analytical expressions for the mutual coherence function and wave structure function are derived, with particular focus on the wave structure function of a Gaussian beam propagating through slant-path oceanic turbulence. Each component of the model has been individually validated. Experimental results demonstrate that variations in turbulence intensity, propagation distance, and environmental parameters significantly affect beam spatial coherence, thereby exerting a substantial impact on the performance of cross-domain optical communication systems. Compared to single-turbulence approximation models, the proposed composite perturbation model effectively reduces the spatial coherence bias by approximately 20%-30%, revealing the influence mechanisms of multi-source perturbations on coherence evolution. This model provides an effective theoretical foundation for the performance evaluation and optimization of air–sea optical communication links and enhances the stability and reliability of optical communication systems under realistic conditions.
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