| Citation: | LIU Ye, SHI Xing-jian, YANG Wen-zhe, YANG Zhong-guang, CAI Zhi-ming, LI Hua-wang. Magnetic sensor configuration optimization for gravitational-wave detection spacecraft[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.3724/CO.2026-0074
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The magnetic field near the test masses (TM) in space-based gravitational-wave detection spacecraft cannot be measured in situ, and the accuracy of magnetic field reconstruction is strongly affected by the arrangement of magnetic sensors. To address these problems, we investigate a magnetic sensor configuration optimization method under constrained installation conditions, aiming to improve the magnetic field reconstruction accuracy at the test mass locations. The magnetic sensor placement problem was formulated as a discrete combinatorial optimization problem. An improved Ivy algorithm-based magnetic sensor configuration optimization method, termed MSC-IVYA, was proposed. The method integrates feasible installation region discretization, default-configuration-based population initialization, dynamic neighborhood updating, and a cumulative fitness function designed for multiple random magnetic source models, thereby enabling efficient search under installation constraints. Simulation evaluations were conducted on two representative space-based gravitational-wave detectors, LISA Pathfinder and Taiji-2, using three magnetic field reconstruction methods: inverse distance weighting (IDW), Taylor expansion (TE), and multipole expansion (ME). For LISA Pathfinder, under the default configuration, the average relative errors of TM1 were 593.74%, 508.04%, and 516.50% using IDW, ME, and TE, respectively. After optimization with MSC-IVYA, these errors were reduced to 390.39%, 357.55%, and 363.89%, respectively. In the Taiji-2 case, MSC-IVYA also achieved consistent improvement. For TM1, the reconstruction errors using IDW and ME decreased from 72.14% and 77.27% to 32.55% and 47.25%, respectively. For TM2, the errors using ME and TE decreased from 97.17% and 112.14% to 74.27% and 80.76%, respectively. Magnetic sensor configuration is an important design variable affecting the magnetic field reconstruction performance at the test mass locations. The proposed MSC-IVYA method can consistently improve magnetic field reconstruction accuracy under different mission conditions. It is particularly suitable for engineering scenarios with a limited number of magnetic sensors and constrained installation regions, and provides methodological support for the design of magnetic diagnostic systems in space-based gravitational-wave detection spacecraft.
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