| Citation: | LIU Ye, SHI Xing-jian, YANG Wen-zhe, YANG Zhong-guang, CAI Zhi-ming, LI Hua-wang. Magnetic sensor configuration optimization for gravitational-wave detection spacecraft[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2026-0074
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Objective: The magnetic field near the test masses in space-based gravitational-wave detection spacecraft cannot be measured in situ, and the accuracy of magnetic field reconstruction is strongly affected by the arrangement of magnetic sensors. To address this issue, this study investigates a magnetic sensor configuration optimization method under constrained installation conditions, aiming to improve the magnetic field reconstruction accuracy at the test mass locations. Methods: The magnetic sensor placement problem was formulated as a discrete combinatorial optimization problem. An improved Ivy algorithm-based magnetic sensor configuration optimization method, termed MSC-IVYA, was proposed. The method integrates feasible installation region discretization, default-configuration-based population initialization, dynamic neighborhood updating, and a cumulative fitness function designed for multiple random magnetic source models, thereby enabling efficient search under installation constraints. Simulation evaluations were conducted on two representative space-based gravitational-wave detectors, LISA Pathfinder and Taiji-2, using three magnetic field reconstruction methods: inverse distance weighting (IDW), Taylor expansion (TE), and multipole expansion (ME). Results: For LISA Pathfinder, under the default configuration, the average relative errors of TM1 were 593.74%, 508.04%, and 516.50% using IDW, ME, and TE, respectively. After optimization with MSC-IVYA, these errors were reduced to 390.39%, 357.55%, and 363.89%, respectively. In the Taiji-2 case, MSC-IVYA also achieved consistent improvement. For TM1, the reconstruction errors using IDW and ME decreased from 72.14% and 77.27% to 32.55% and 47.25%, respectively. For TM2, the errors using ME and TE decreased from 97.17% and 112.14% to 74.27% and 80.76%, respectively. Conclusion: Magnetic sensor configuration is an important design variable affecting the magnetic field reconstruction performance at the test mass locations. The proposed MSC-IVYA method can consistently improve magnetic field reconstruction accuracy under different mission conditions. It is particularly suitable for engineering scenarios with a limited number of magnetic sensors and constrained installation regions, and provides methodological support for the design of magnetic diagnostic systems in space-based gravitational-wave detection spacecraft.
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