| Citation: | WANG Yue, WANG Juan, GAO Ruihong, QI Keqi, LIU Heshan. Research on rotational coupling of test mass interferometer based on laser heterodyne interferometry[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2026-0032
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Space-based gravitational wave detection uses laser heterodyne interferometry to measure picometer-level displacement fluctuations of test masses separated by millions of kilometers. The interferometric system must achieve picometer-level accuracy in the millihertz frequency band. In the interferometer, test-mass rotation limits system sensitivity through two types of coupling errors: rotation–rotation coupling and rotation–translation coupling. This paper systematically investigates the mechanisms of these two errors and adopts a sequential suppression strategy: rotation–rotation coupling is first suppressed, followed by rotation–translation coupling.A test-mass interferometer is developed based on laser heterodyne interferometry and wavefront sensing, enabling high-sensitivity displacement and angular measurement as well as noise analysis. The coordinate transformation between the steering mirror and the detector is experimentally calibrated. The steering mirror is then rotated to the minimum-coupling angle, aligning the two coordinate systems and suppressing rotation–rotation coupling. An optical model is further established based on geometric relationships, and its parameters are experimentally calibrated. A real-time compensation system is developed to dynamically suppress rotation–translation coupling.After suppression, the rotation–rotation coupling coefficient is approximately 12.5 mrad/rad. The rotation–translation coupling error is reduced by about 90% in the time domain and by approximately one order of magnitude in the frequency domain. These results provide a theoretical and experimental foundation for multi-degree-of-freedom decoupling and noise suppression in interferometers for space-based gravitational wave detection.
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