| Citation: | LIN Wei, CHEN Hui-bin, GUO Hong-ying. Programmable microwave photonic filter based on end-to-end optimization[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2026-0008
|
The microwave photonic filter based on weighted delay structure simultaneously leverages the advantages of photonic and radio-frequency components, featuring reconfigurability, low cost, and wide bandwidth, providing flexible and efficient signal processing capabilities in the microwave band. However, due to the complexity of the weighted delay structure, discrete optoelectronic components in the system can interfere with the weighted taps at different wavelengths—such as the envelope and gain competition of optical frequency combs, the gain non-uniformity and nonlinearity of EDFA, and the limited filtering bandwidth of modulators. These factors cause deviations in the weighted taps from their designed values, leading to distortion in the microwave filter. This paper proposes an end-to-end optimization approach by treating the microwave photonic filter as a black-box system. By monitoring the spectral shape (i.e., the weight values of each tap) of the final output in real time, the difference between the wavelength taps and the ideal taps is calculated and feedbacked to adjust the filtering coefficients of the waveshaper in real time, ensuring the output spectral weights remain in the designed state. Through this end-to-end optimization approach, we achieved a spectral reconstruction accuracy of 0.05dB and completed an RF low-pass filter with an out-of-band rejection ratio of up to 47dB.
| [1] |
CAPMANY J, ORTEGA B, PASTOR D. A tutorial on microwave photonic filters[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2006, 24(1): 201-229. doi: 10.1109/JLT.2005.860478
|
| [2] |
YAO J P. Microwave photonics[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2009, 27(3): 314-335.
|
| [3] |
CAPMANY J, NOVAK D. Microwave photonics combines two worlds[J]. Nature Photonics, 2007, 1(6): 319-330.
|
| [4] |
SEEDS A J, WILLIAMS K J. Microwave photonics[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2006, 24(12): 4628-4641.
|
| [5] |
MARPAUNG D, ROELOFFZEN C, HEIDEMAN R, et al. Integrated microwave photonics[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2013, 7(4): 506-538.
|
| [6] |
MA C, CHEN H, YE X W, et al. Ultra-high resolution microwave photonic radar with post-bandwidth synthesis[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2020, 18(7): 072501. doi: 10.3788/COL202018.072501
|
| [7] |
XU X Y, WU J Y, NGUYEN T G, et al. Photonic microwave true time delays for phased array antennas using a 49 GHz FSR integrated optical micro-comb source [Invited][J]. Photonics Research, 2018, 6(5): B30-B36.
|
| [8] |
SHU H W, CHANG L, TAO Y SH, et al. Microcomb-driven silicon photonic systems[J]. Nature, 2022, 605(7910): 457-463.
|
| [9] |
KIM J, PARK M J, PERROTT M H, et al. Photonic subsampling analog-to-digital conversion of microwave signals at 40-GHz with higher than 7-ENOB resolution[J]. Optics Express, 2008, 16(21): 16509-16515.
|
| [10] |
YAO J P. Photonic generation of microwave arbitrary waveforms[J]. Optics Communications, 2011, 284: 3723-3736.
|
| [11] |
. ZHANG W P, LEDERMAN J C, DE LIMA T F, et al. A system-on-chip microwave photonic processor solves dynamic RF interference in real time with picosecond latency[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2024, 13: 14.
|
| [12] |
. XU SH F, ZOU X T, MA B W, et al.. Deep-learning-powered photonic analog-to-digital conversion[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2019, 8(1): 66.
|
| [13] |
PELUSI M, LUAN F, VO T D, et al. Photonic-chip-based radio-frequency spectrum analyser with terahertz bandwidth[J]. Nature Photonics, 2009, 3: 139-143.
|
| [14] |
ZOU X H, ZOU F, CAO Z ZH, et al. A multifunctional photonic integrated circuit for diverse microwave signal generation, transmission, and processing[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2019, 13(6): 1800240.
|
| [15] |
HERVÁS J, RICCHIUTI A L, LI W, et al. Microwave photonics for optical sensors[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2017, 23(2): 5602013.
|
| [16] |
XU X Y, WU J Y, NGUYEN T G, et al. Advanced RF and microwave functions based on an integrated optical frequency comb source[J]. Optics Express, 2018, 26(3): 2569-2583.
|
| [17] |
ZHU ZH J, CHI H, JIN T, et al. All-positive-coefficient microwave photonic filter with rectangular response[J]. Optics Letters, 2017, 42(15): 3012-3015.
|
| [18] |
POLO V, VIDAL B, CORRAL J L, et al. Novel tunable photonic microwave filter based on laser arrays and N/spl times/N AWG-based delay lines[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2003, 15(4): 584-586.
|
| [19] |
LIU D, NGO N Q, TJIN S C. Microwave photonic bandpass filter using a multiwavelength semiconductor-optical-amplifier ring laser[J]. Optical Engineering, 2007, 46(5): 054401.
|
| [20] |
XU X Y, TAN M X, WU J Y, et al. Advanced adaptive photonic RF filters with 80 taps based on an integrated optical micro-comb source[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2019, 37(4): 1288-1295.
|
| [21] |
XU X Y, TAN M X, WU J Y, et al. Microcomb-based photonic RF signal processing[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2019, 31(23): 1854-1857.
|
| [22] |
WU J Y, XU X Y, NGUYEN T G, et al. RF photonics: an optical Microcombs’ perspective[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2018, 24(4): 6101020.
|
| [23] |
LI M, LI W ZH, YAO J P. Tunable optoelectronic oscillator incorporating a high-Q spectrum-sliced photonic microwave transversal filter[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(14): 1251-1253.
|
| [24] |
WU J CH, XIE Y W, HONG SH H, et al. Programmable multichannel-parallel microwave photonic processor on silicon[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2026, 20(1): e00378.
|
| [25] |
XU X Y, TAN M X, CORCORAN B, et al. 11 TOPS photonic convolutional accelerator for optical neural networks[J]. Nature, 2021, 589(7840): 44-51.
|
Figures(7)
DownLoad:
