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摘要:
近年来，超快光纤激光相干合成技术得到快速发展，成为超快超强激光平均功率提升的重要技术手段。然而，受到单路光纤放大器中光谱增益窄化以及高阶色散失配等因素影响，高功率超快光纤激光相干合成系统的输出脉冲宽度与块状固体激光系统相比通常较宽，导致其峰值功率提升严重受限。本文从超快光纤激光相干合成中脉冲压缩的视角，分别针对基于光纤啁啾脉冲放大的脉冲整形技术、基于光纤非线性光谱展宽的合成技术、以及基于部分光谱干涉的相干光谱合成技术三个方面进行了系统的梳理分析，并对超短脉冲光纤激光相干合成的后续发展进行了展望。
Abstract:In recent years, ultrafast fiber laser coherent beam combination (CBC) has developed rapidly, becoming an important technical means for enhancing the average power of ultrafast and ultra-intense lasers. However, due to factors such as spectral gain narrowing in single-channel fiber amplifiers and high-order dispersion mismatch, the output pulse width of high-power ultrafast fiber laser CBC systems is significantly wider compared to that of bulk solid-state laser systems, severely limiting its peak power enhancement. From the perspective of pulse compression in ultrafast fiber laser coherent combining, this review systematically analyzes the following three aspects: pulse shaping technique based on fiber chirped pulse amplification, combining technique based on fiber nonlinear spectral broadening, and coherent spectral combining technique based on partial spectral interference. Additionally, a brief conclusion and outlook on the future development of ultra-short pulse fiber laser CBC is given at the end.
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图 1 基于光谱预整形与高阶色散预补偿的掺镱光纤CPA系统[29]。oscillator：振荡器，preamp：预放大器，chirped FBG stretcher：啁啾光纤布拉格光栅展宽器，down-counter：降频器，Lyot filter：lyot滤波器，power amp：主放大器，compressor：压缩器，hollow core fiber：空芯光纤，pressure chamber：压力室。
Figure 1. The Yb-doped fiber CPA system based on spectral pre-shaping and high-order dispersion pre-compensation [29].
图 3 基于光谱预整形与相位补偿的高功率超快光纤激光相干合成系统[34]。oscillator：振荡器，stretcher：展宽器，pulse shaper：脉冲整形器，preamp：预放大器，main amplifier 8 channel CBC：主放大器8路相干合成，compressor：压缩器，feedback stage：反馈系统，nonlinear compression：非线性压缩，HHG stage：高次谐波产生系统。
Figure 3. High-power ultrafast fiber laser coherent combining system based on spectral pre-shaping and phase compensation[34].
图 5 基于超快激光非线性光纤放大的时空相干合成系统输出脉冲特性：左图为脉冲时域波形，其中插图为FROG轨迹；右图为相应的脉冲光谱[49]。
Figure 5. Output pulse characteristics of spatio-temporal coherent combining system based on ultrafast laser nonlinear fiber amplification. Left: temporal pulse profile of the 3.1 µJ pulse retrieved from FROG measurement, along with the FROG trace (inset). Right: corresponding spectrum[49].
图 7 基于3路光纤CPA相干光谱合成的输出脉冲特性：（a）单路及合成后光谱；（b）单路及合成后脉冲自相关曲线[66]。
Figure 7. Output pulse characteristics based on 3-channel fiber CPA coherent spectroscopy combining. (a) Measured spectra of the individual-channel and combined signals;(b) normalized autocorrelation traces for theindividual-channel and combined signals. The dash line shows the calculated transform-limited autocorrelation of the combined spectrum in 6(a)[66].
图 8 超快光纤激光时空与光谱多维相干合成结构示意图[70]。oscillator：振荡器，spectral splitter：光谱分束器，stretchers and pre-amplifiers：展宽器和预放大器，power amplifiers：功率放大器，spatial combiners：空间合束器，spectral combiners：光谱合束器，temporal stackers：时域堆叠器，pulse compressor：脉冲压缩器。
Figure 8. Experimental Setup of the ultrafast fiber lasers of spatio-temporal and spectral multi-dimensional coherent combining[70].
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