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摘要:
本文提出一种利用十字线衍射进行涡旋光束OAM检测的方法，其远场分布中与OAM相关的主亮斑包含了入射光束的大部分能量（50%~84%），且不存在干扰检测的次亮斑。相比之下，传统小孔衍射法中的主亮斑能量比例极低，尤其是7阶拓扑荷以上的远场主亮斑中只包含不到1%的入射光束能量，且拓扑荷级数越高，次亮斑的干扰性越强。因此，十字线测量法对弱涡旋光束的检测尤为适用，这对于远程的自由空间光通讯发展具有潜在的重要影响。
Abstract:In this paper, a method for vortex beam OAM detection using crosshair diffraction is proposed. The OAM-related main bright spot in the far-field distribution contains most of the energy of the incident beam (50%~84%) and there is no secondary bright spot that interferes with the detection. In contrast, the energy proportion of the main bright spot in the conventional small-hole diffraction method is extremely low, particularly in the far-field main bright spot above the 7th-order topological charge, which contains less than 1% of the energy of the incident beam. Furthermore, as the topological charge level increases, the secondary bright spot becomes more intrusive. Consequently, crosshair measurements are particularly applicable to the detection of weak vortex beams, which has potentially important implications for the development of long-range free-space optical communications.
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Key words:
- diffraction /
- vortex beam /
- orbital angular momentum /
- topological charge
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图 1 高斯涡旋光束经不同线结构衍射的远场分布（a）横线；（b）竖线；（c）十字线；（d）~（f）为（a）~（c）线结构对应的远场衍射结果；（g）~（i）为（d）~（f）远场衍射结果的相位分布
Figure 1. Far-field distribution of Gaussian vortex beams diffracted by different line structures. (a) horizontal line; (b) vertical line; (c) crosshair; (d)-(f) are the far-field diffraction results corresponding to (a)-(c) line structures; (g)-(i) is the phase distribution of the far-field diffraction results from (d)-(f)
图 2 十字线检测法的远场衍射结果
Figure 2. Far-field diffraction results of the crosshair detection method
图 3 三条线和米字线结构的远场衍射结果
Figure 3. Far-field diffraction results of three lines and star patterned line structures
图 4 十字线中心位置偏移时的远场衍射结果
Figure 4. Far-field diffraction results when there is an offset in the center position of the crosshair
图 5 改变十字线偏移方向的远场衍射结果
Figure 5. Far-field diffraction results for changing the direction of the crosshair offset
图 6 10阶拓扑荷涡旋光束经不同光阑后的远场衍射分布
Figure 6. Far-field diffraction distribution of a 10th-order topological charge vortex beam through different apertures
图 7 十字线检测法的实验光路示意图
Figure 7. Experimental light path diagram of the crosshair detection method
图 11 十字线偏移情况的实验结果
Figure 11. Experimental results of the crosshair center position offset
表 1 高斯涡旋光束经不同光阑衍射后的远场主亮斑能量
Table 1. Far-field primary spot energy of Gaussian vortex beams through different apertures
Topological
chargeCross line Rectangular
apertureTriangular
aperture1 50.65% 89.84% 78.05% 2 63.67% 50.27% 44.63% 3 68.63% 21.58% 23.12% 4 74.07% 9.32% 10.84% 5 77.11% 3.81% 5.34% 6 79.37% 1.46% 2.67% 7 81.13% 0.48% 1.25% 8 82.60% 0.16% 0.57% 9 83.77% 0.05% 0.24% 10 84.49% 0.01% 0.10% 
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