Application of dual-wavelength nanosecond laser cleaning technology on stone artifacts
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摘要:
传统的清洗方法不能对文物表面较小污染颗粒进行清洗，并且容易造成文物表面不可逆的损伤。为提高清洗污染物的能力，激光清洗技术逐渐应用于不同类型文物的清洗。研制纳秒激光清洗系统并对故宫博物院的大理石模拟样品和大理石碎片进行清洗，清洗的对象是黑色结壳污染物。为了避免变黄效应，采用波长1064 nm近红外光与355 nm紫外相结合的方法对大理石模拟样本进行激光清洗。当两者的能量密度比值为3∶2时，根据显微观测系统的照片，显示有较好的清洗效果，并将此比值应用于大理石碎片样本，利用显微拉曼对清洗效果进行分析。实验结果证实了激光清洗的优势，也为激光清洗大理石表面污染物提供参数和评价方法参考。同时也为激光清洗技术在其他石质文物表面的清洗提供借鉴。
Abstract:Traditional cleaning methods can not clean small pollution particles on the surface of cultural relics. It can easily cause irreversible damage to the surface of cultural relics. In order to improve the ability to clean pollutants, laser cleaning technology is gradually applied to clean different types of cultural relics. This paper develop a nanosecond laser cleaning system to clean the fragments of stone artifacts in the Palace Museum. The object of the cleanout is black crust pollutants. To avoid the yellowing effect, a dual wavelength combination of 1064 nm near-infrared and 355 nm ultraviolet was used for laser cleaning of simulated marble samples. When the energy density range of these two wavelengths is 3∶2, the system of the real-time observation microstructure photos shows good cleaning effect. This ratio 3∶2 is applied for the sample of marble fragments. The micro-Raman is utilized to evaluate the cleaning effect. The above experimental results confirm the advantages of laser cleaning and also provide the reference of laser cleaning parameters and evaluation methods for laser cleaning of surface pollutants on stone cultural relics. At the same time, it also provides reference for the laser cleaning technology to clean the surface of other stone cultural relics.
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Key words:
- laser cleaning technology /
- marble /
- dual-wavelength
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图 1 (a)强基底吸收示意图；(b)强粒子吸收示意图
Figure 1. (a) Schematic diagram of strong substrate absorption; (b) Schematic diagram of strong particle absorption
图 3 (a) 三波长纳秒激光清洗系统实物图；(b)三波长纳秒激光系统光路图
Figure 3. (a) Physical image of three-wavelength nanosecond laser cleaning system; (b) Beam path diagram of three-wavelength nanosecond laser cleaning system
图 4 能量密度与损伤概率的关系
Figure 4. The relationship between energy density and damage probability
图 5 能量密度与损伤概率关系
Figure 5. The relationship between energy density and damage probability
图 6 利用显微监测系统测试1064 nm、355 nm和1064 nm与355 nm在不同能量密度下的清洗效果显微照片
Figure 6. Microscopic photos of cleaning effects of 1064 nm, 355 nm, 1064 nm and 355 nm at different energy densities tested by using a microscopic monitoring system
图 7 激光清洗石质文物表面不同能量密度的对比图
Figure 7. Different energy densities on the surface of stone cultural relics by laser cleaning
图 8 大理石碎片、污染物、IR激光清洗、UV激光清洗后和IR+UV激光清洗后的拉曼光谱
Figure 8. Raman spectra of marble fragments, pollutants, IR laser cleaning, UV laser cleaning, and IR+UV laser cleaning
表 1 1064 nm激光清洗污染物的单脉冲能量、能量密度、损伤概率表
Table 1. Single pulse energy, energy density, and damage probability table for 1064 nm laser cleaning of pollutants
单脉冲能量(mJ) 能量密度(J/cm2) 损伤概率(%) 0.89 52.06 100 0.73 42.7 100 0.46 26.91 90 0.28 16.38 90 0.09 5.26 70 0.07 4.09 60 0.06 3.51 60 0.05 2.92 40 0.04 2.34 0 
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表 2 355 nm激光清洗污染物的单脉冲能量、能量密度、损伤概率表
Table 2. Single pulse energy, energy density, and damage probability table for 355 nm laser cleaning of pollutant
单脉冲能量(mJ) 能量密度(J/cm2) 损伤概率(%) 0.154 81.07 100 0.105 55.27 100 0.07 36.85 70 0.056 29.48 40 0.042 22.11 20 0.036 18.95 20 0.021 11.05 0
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