Effect of atmospheric turbulence on imaging quality of high-resolution remote sensing satellites
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摘要:
遥感卫星在国防和民用探测等领域发挥着重要作用，而大气湍流严重影响高分辨率遥感卫星的成像质量。本文重点研究了遥感卫星对地探测时，相机口径、卫星轨高和大气湍流强度对空间相机成像质量的影响。首先，基于球面波传输模型和Kolmogorov湍流理论，针对空对地探测湍流波前进行仿真。然后，分析畸变波前随相机口径、卫星轨高和大气相干长度的变化规律，并推导出普适公式。在此基础上，进一步推导出空间相机成像分辨率随相机口径、卫星轨高和大气相干长度变化的计算公式。最后，研究了大气湍流对空间相机调制传递函数（MTF）的影响，并以MTF=0.15为基准，仿真分析了MTF相对误差随相机口径、卫星轨高和大气相干长度的变化规律。本研究为高分辨率遥感卫星的设计、分析和评估提供理论依据。
Abstract:Remote sensing satellites play a crucial role in both national defense and civil exploration. However, the imaging quality of high-resolution remote sensing satellites is significantly affected by atmospheric turbulence. We focus on the impact of camera aperture, satellite orbit altitude and atmospheric turbulence intensity on the imaging quality of space cameras during remote sensing satellite earth detection. Firstly, the turbulence wavefront simulation method based on the spherical wave model and Kolmogorov turbulence theory is analyzed. Subsequently, the disturbed wavefront, impacted by the camera aperture, satellite orbit height and atmospheric turbulence intensity, is analyzed, and a universal formula is derived. In addition, an equation for imaging resolution with camera aperture, satellite orbit height and atmospheric coherence length is developed. Finally, the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is studied. The variation of the relative error of MTF with camera aperture, satellite orbit height and atmospheric coherence length is simulated and analyzed, with reference to an MTF value of 0.15. This study provides a theoretical basis for designing, analyzing, and assessing high-resolution remote sensing satellites.
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图 2 折射率结构常数
$C_{{n}}^2 $ 随高度z的变化曲线Figure 2. Refractive index structure constant
$C_{{n}}^2 $ varying with height z
图 7 (a) 不同参量值下的仿真值与理论值及(b)仿真值与理论值的相对误差
Figure 7. (a) Simulated and theoretical values under different parameters; (b) relative error for simulated and theoretical values
图 8 波前均方根随大气湍流强度和卫星高度的变化规律
Figure 8. Variation of root mean square of wavefront with atmospheric turbulence intensity and satellite altitude
图 9 角分辨率随卫星高度和相机口径的变化规律
Figure 9. Variation of angular resolution with satellite altitude and camera aperture
图 11 100组湍流波前在x方向的MTF曲线
Figure 11. MTF curves of 100 sets of turbulent wavefronts in the x-direction
图 12 调制传递函数随不同参数的变化曲线
Figure 12. Curve of modulation transfer function varying with different parameters
图 13 MTF相对误差随不同参数的变化规律
Figure 13. Variation of relative deviation of MTF with different parameters
表 1 随机选取的变量
Table 1. Randomly selected variables
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 D/(m) 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 H/(km) 200 500 150 250 100 350 150 600 r0/(cm) 3 8 4 9 5 7 10 2 
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