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摘要:
反射镜是空间相机的核心部组件，其性能直接影响了空间相机在轨成像质量，铝合金反射镜凭借其良好的加工工艺性成为了空间相机反射镜的发展方向之一。
目的： 为了降低空间相机装调难度，开展了共基准一体化铝合金反射镜结构和工艺协同设计研究。过程： 首先，基于镜面、柔性结构、安装基准等多功能要素集成于一体的理念，开展一体化反射镜结构设计。然后，在结构设计同时开展共基准工艺设计，建立了加工过程误差传递数学模型和精度分配方案。最后，针对所设计的反射镜开展了仿真分析和加工验证。结果： 结果表明：一体化反射镜在典型工况下面形误差变化小于RMS0.01λ@632.8 nm，加工面形精度可达到RMS0.016λ@632.8 nm，共基准一体化反射镜光学基准和机械基准偏差优于2″。结论： 本文设计的共基准一体化铝合金反射镜能够满足空间金属反射镜稳定可靠、面形精度高、光机基准一致性优异等要求。Abstract:The mirror is one of the great significance components of the space camera, and the aluminum alloy mirror is becoming one of the development directions of space camera mirrors with its excellent processability.
Objective: To reduce the difficulty of installing and adjusting space cameras, an monolithic aluminum alloy mirror structure design was carried out.Method : First, based on the concept of integrating multiple functions such as mirror surface, flexible support, installation reference and so on, the structure design of an monolithic mirror was carried out. Besides, while designing the structure, co-reference process design was conducted simultaneously. This design was informed by establishing an error transmission model and a corresponding precision allocation scheme. Finally, simulation analysis and processing were carried out on the designed mirror.Result: The results show that the surface accuracy variation of the monolithic mirror was less than RMS 0.01λ@632.8 nm under typical working conditions, and the precision of the processed mirror could reached up to RMS 0.016λ@ 632.8 nm, and the deviation between the mechanical and optical references was better than 2". Conclusion: The monolithic aluminum alloy mirrors designed in this study can satisfy the space mirror requirements of stability, high precision and excellent consistency. -
图 9 一体化反射镜标定检测图
Figure 9. Diagram of optical reference test of monolithic aluminum alloy mirror
表 1 某空间相机反射镜的主要指标要求
Table 1. Indicators of the space mirror
项目 指标要求 通光口径mm ≥220 面形精度nm ≤RMS1/50λ@632.8 nm 算术平均表面粗糙度nm ≤5 质量kg ≤5 工作温度范围/ °C ±4 载荷作用下面形变化/nm
（光轴重力变形除外）≤RMS1/50λ@632.8 nm 重力载荷下镜面偏心/μm ≤10 重力载荷下镜面倾斜/″ ≤10 
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表 2 铝合金材料参数
Table 2. Parameters of the Aluminum alloy
参数 AA606l-T6 RSA6061-T6 密度ρ/ kg/m3 2700 2700 弹性模量E/GPa 69 70 泊松比μ/- 0.33 0.33 抗拉强度σb/MPa 320 330 线胀系数α/10−6·°C−1 22.8 23 热导率λ/mW·mm−1·°C−1 155 160
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表 3 重力变形分析结果
Table 3. Gravity deformation analysis results
参数 X Y Z 偏心/μm ΔX 2.490 1.47E-05 1.68E-08 ΔY 1.81E-05 2.490 -5.06E-06 ΔZ 1.05E-05 -5.98E-06 2.799 倾斜/" θx 0.004 0.898 0.004 θy 0.762 0.240 0.748 面形变化/nm RMS 4.027 4.026 21.029
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表 4 模态分析结果
Table 4. Mode analysis results
阶数 频率/Hz 振型 1 287.79 绕Z轴移动 2 362.85 绕X轴移动 3 362.86 绕Y轴移动 4 440.33 绕Y轴转动 5 440.35 绕X轴转动 6 675.09 绕Z轴转动
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