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摘要:
为满足特殊环境下激光系统对轻量化结构与高能量脉冲输出的双重需求，本研究设计并实现了一种采用高温半导体激光器阵列(Laser Diode Arrays, LDAs)侧面泵浦Zigzag Nd:YAG晶体的无水冷高能脉冲激光系统。振荡光在晶体内呈现”Zigzag”路径以增加增益长度，LDAs分别对两个晶体采用轴对称式泵浦，以改善增益分布均匀性。通过隔热材料实现Nd:YAG晶体与LDAs的热隔离，并分别采用半导体制冷器（Thermoelectric Cooler, TEC）与强制风冷对Nd:YAG晶体和LDAs进行独立温控，确保热管理的稳定性与高效性。磷酸二氘钾晶体（Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate, DKDP）作为电光调Q晶体。在不使用水冷、重复频率为100 Hz（占空比为2.5%）的条件下，实现了129.2 mJ的脉冲激光输出，脉冲宽度为9.0 ns，对应的光-光转换效率为9.6%，斜效率为13.1%，输出能量稳定性优于2.26%。并在150 Hz重复频率下取得了87.6 mJ的能量输出。该激光系统为激光测距、激光照射等领域提供了一种环境适应性强、结构紧凑的新型光源解决方案。
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关键词:
- 半导体激光器阵列(140.2010) /
- 侧面泵浦 /
- Zigzag /
- 电光调Q /
- 无水冷
Abstract:To achieve simultaneous lightweight design and high-energy output under special environmental conditions, a compact, water-cooling-free high-energy pulsed laser system based on high-temperature laser diode array (LDAs) side-pumped zigzag Nd:YAG crystals is demonstrated for operation in demanding environments. The zigzag beam propagation increases the effective gain length, while symmetric LDAs pumping of two Nd:YAG crystals improves gain uniformity. Thermal isolation between the crystals and LDAs is implemented, with independent temperature control achieved using thermoelectric coolers (TEC) for the Nd:YAG crystals and forced air cooling for the LDAs. A potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP) crystal is employed for electro-optic Q-switching. At a repetition rate of 100 Hz without water cooling, a maximum pulse energy of 129.2 mJ with a pulse duration of 9.0 ns is obtained, corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 9.6% and a slope efficiency of 13.1%, with energy stability better than 2.26%. An output energy of 87.6 mJ is achieved at 150 Hz. This system provides a compact and environmentally robust light source for laser ranging and illumination applications.
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图 1 Nd:YAG模块设计 （a）模块的二维结构示意图 (b) 模块的三维结构示意图
Figure 1. Nd:YAG module design: (a) two-dimensional structural schematic; (b) three-dimensional structural schematic.
图 2 (a) 不同厚度下晶体的吸收效率 （b）晶体内“Zigzag”光路示意图
Figure 2. (a) Absorption efficiency of the crystal at different thicknesses (b) “Zigzag” optical path in the crystal
图 3 单个Nd:YAG上强度分布（a）晶体截面（Z=27.5 mm） （b）晶体上表面(Y=3 mm)、侧面(X=0 mm)
Figure 3. single Nd:YAG intensity distributions (a) Crystal cross-section (Z=27.5 mm) (b) Crystal top surface (Y=3 mm) and side face (X=0 mm)
图 4 单个Nd:YAG上小信号分布（a）晶体截面（Lz/2） （b）晶体上表面、侧面(Lx/2)
Figure 4. Single Nd:YAG small-signal gain distribution (a) Crystal cross-section (Lz/2) (b) Crystal top surface and side face (Lx/2)
图 5 温度分布（a）晶体表面（b）“L”形散热模块
Figure 5. Temperature distribution: (a) crystal surface; (b) “L”-shaped heat dissipation module
图 8 Nd:YAG激光器脉冲的实验装置
Figure 8. Experimental setup of an electro-optic Q-switched Nd: YAG laser
图 9 不同频率下LDAs的输出光谱和工作温度
Figure 9. Output Spectrum and Operating Temperature of LDAs at Different Frequencies
图 10 不同重复频率下输出能量随泵浦能量变化关系。（a）20 Hz，（b)50 Hz，（c)75 Hz，（d)100 Hz
Figure 10. Dependence of energy output on pump energy at different repetition rates. (a) 20 Hz, (b) 50 Hz, (c) 75 Hz, (d) 100 Hz
图 11 （a）100 Hz单个脉冲波形（b）最大能量输出时光斑及束腰半径变化
Figure 11. (a) Single-pulse waveform at 100 Hz; (b) beam profile and waist radius variation at maximum energy output.
图 12 (a)能量稳定性及LDAs稳定时的温度，(b)Nd:YAG测试温度变化曲线
Figure 12. (a) Power Stability and Steady-State Temperature of LDAs; (b) Nd:YAG Temperature Test Curve
图 13 （a）输出能量与脉冲重复频率的关系 （b） 激光器实物图
Figure 13. (a) Relationship between output energy and pulse repetition frequency (b) Photo of the complete laser
表 1 计算使用的各种参数值
Table 1. Various parameter values used for calculation
参数 数值 意义 $ {\eta }_{Q} $ 0.85 量子效率 $ {\eta }_{S} $ 0.76 斯托克斯系数 $ {\eta }_{B} $ 0.95 光束重叠效率 $ {\eta }_{a} $ 0.987 泵浦吸收效率 $ {P}_{ab} $ 5400 W 总峰值功率 $ V $ 1.8 cm3 增益介质体积 $ {I}_{s} $ 2900 W/cm2饱和光强 $ L $ 0.05 腔内损耗 $ l $ 8 cm Nd:YAG有效泵浦长度 
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