Research on key technologies of broadband reconfigurable single-photon laser communication transceivers
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摘要:
单光子探测器灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强，常与传统PPM调制技术相结合进行远距离激光通信，但通信速率较低。针对PPM调制速率性能限制问题，提出一种基于单光子探测器的宽带可重构脉冲采样数据传输方案，并设计了一套基于该调制方式的自适应脉宽算法，实现对单光子探测器数据的最优脉宽选取。发射端使用FPGA GTX高速收发器与实时串口发收改进了发射码型，接收端设计了误码率(BER)监测与自适应算法模块。对信道实际场景中的影响进行了链路仿真与自适应仿真，并搭建了
1550 nm的单光子探测器实验系统进行验证。实验表明，该调制方式可以实现Kbps-Mbps速率的单光子激光通信，并基于雪崩光电二极管(APD)初步验证了Gbps量级速率通信的可行性。在Kbps、Mbps速率量级下，相比于默认脉宽，采用自适应脉宽调制算法使通信误码率分别降低了1、2个数量级。相较于传统单光子激光通信系统，该调制方式可以实现Kbps-Gbps宽速域调节和Kbps-Mbps速率下最优脉宽选取，为不同技术路线的单光子探测设备提供了一种新的解决方法。Abstract:Single-photon detectors (SPDs) exhibit high sensitivity and strong anti-interference capability, and are often integrated with the traditional pulse position modulation (PPM) technique for long-distance laser communication. However, this integration suffers from low communication rates. To address the rate performance limitations of PPM modulation, a broadband reconfigurable pulse sampling data transmission scheme based on single-photon detectors is proposed. In addition, an adaptive pulse-width algorithm tailored to this modulation method is designed to achieve optimal pulse-width selection for the data acquired by single-photon detectors. At the transmitter, the FPGA GTX high-speed transceiver and real-time serial port transceiving are adopted to optimize the transmitted code pattern; at the receiver, a bit error rate (BER) monitoring and adaptive algorithm module is developed. Link simulations and adaptive simulations are conducted to evaluate the impacts of actual channel scenarios, and a
1550 nm single-photon detection experimental system is built for validation. Experimental results show that this modulation scheme enables single-photon laser communication with a rate range from Kbps to Mbps. Meanwhile, preliminary tests based on avalanche photodiodes (APDs) demonstrate the feasibility of Gbps-level high-speed communication using this scheme. At the Kbps and Mbps rate levels, compared with the default pulse width, the adaptive pulse-width modulation algorithm reduces the communication BER by one and two orders of magnitude, respectively. In comparison with traditional single-photon laser communication systems, this modulation scheme supports wide-rate-range adjustment from Kbps to Gbps and optimal pulse-width selection at Kbps-Mbps rates, thus providing a novel solution for single-photon detection devices based on different technical routes.-
Key words:
- laser communication /
- FPGA /
- GTX /
- single photon detector /
- pulse width adaptive /
- broadband reconFigurable /
- pulse sampling
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图 8 不同脉宽条件下不同参数与信噪比的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between different parameters and signal-to-noise ratio under different pulse-width conditions
图 9 不同噪声条件下光子数与误码率曲线图
Figure 9. Photon number vs. BER curve under various noise conditions
图 10 1.56 Mbps自适应脉宽仿真测试结果
Figure 10. 1.56 Mbps adaptive pulse-width simulation test results
图 11 不同速率下脉宽自适应调整时间
Figure 11. Adaptive pulse-width adjustment time at different rates
图 16 不同速率脉宽与误码率关系
Figure 16. Relationship between pulse-width at different rates and bit error rate
图 19 不同速率条件下默认脉宽与最优脉宽的对比
Figure 19. Comparison of default pulse-width and optimal pulse-width under different rate conditions
表 1 Python仿真参数
Table 1. Parameters for Python simulation
参数 取值 λ 1550 $ {\tau }_{p}/ns $ 1~100 $ C_{n}^{2}/{m}^{-2/3} $ 10−17 $ {\sigma }_{s}/{m}^{-1} $ 10−5 $ {T}_{po\mathrm{int}} $ 1 $ {\tau }_{0}/ns $ 25 $ {\phi }_{bg} $ 108 $ {A}_{\det } $ 10−6 $ {\eta }_{\det } $ 0.3 $ {R}_{dark} $ 100 k0 0.1 
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表 2 不同速率下APD接收所得误码率
Table 2. BER obtained by APD reception at different rates
速率 占空比 误码率 1.25 Gbps 50% 1.838e-12 2.5 Gbps 50% 4.819e-12 5 Gbps 50% 1.442e-11
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