红外与激光复合探测系统自身热辐射抑制制冷优化

段奋凯; 江伦; 宋延嵩; 王武; 丁小昆; 董科研

doi:10.37188/CO.2025-0029

红外与激光复合探测系统自身热辐射抑制制冷优化

doi: 10.37188/CO.2025-0029

cstr: 32171.14.CO.2025-0029

段奋凯^1,,
江伦^{1, 2},
宋延嵩^{1, 2, ,},
王武³,
丁小昆^{4, 5},
董科研^{1, 2}

1.
长春理工大学光电工程学院, 吉林长春 130022
2.
长春理工大学空间光电技术研究所, 吉林长春 130022
3.
北方导航控制技术股份有限公司, 北京 100176
4.
西北工业大学电子信息学院, 陕西西安 710072
5.
中国航空工业集团西安飞行自动控制研究所, 陕西西安 710065

基金项目: 吉林省科技发展计划项目资助（No. 20230301001GX，No. 20230301002GX）

详细信息

作者简介:
段奋凯（2001—），男，内蒙古包头人，长春理工大学硕士研究生，主要从事红外光学系统设计与杂散光分析方面的研究。E-mail：360540462@qq.com

宋延嵩（1983—），男，吉林长春人，博士，研究员，博士生导师，2006年、2009年、2014年于长春理工大学分别获得学士、硕士、及博士学位，主要研究方向为空间激光通信技术。E-mail：songyansong2006@126.com

中图分类号: O439
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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-11

Thermal radiation suppression and cooling optimization in infrared and laser composite detection systems

DUAN Fen-kai^1
,,
JIANG Lun^{1, 2},
SONG Yan-song^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Wu³,
DING Xiao-kun^{4, 5},
DONG Ke-yan^{1, 2}

1.
School of Photoelectric Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
2.
Institute of Space Optoelectronic Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
3.
North Navigation Control Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
4.
School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
5.
The Flight Automatic Control Research Institute of AVIC, Xi'an 710065, China

Funds: Supported by Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province, China (No. 20230301001GX, No. 20230301002GX)

More Information

Corresponding author: songyansong2006@126.com

摘要

摘要:
针对远距离暗弱目标探测中红外系统热辐射噪声抑制的关键技术难题，本文设计了一种复合探测系统并提出热辐射制冷抑制优化方案。通过R-C光学结构与分色镜-次镜中空设计，实现长波红外与激光双波段共口径探测。为解决热辐射噪声问题，结合普朗克公式与非序列光线追迹，分析230 K~320 K温度区间的热辐射特性，并建立结合噪声项的改进式探测距离模型。通过动态规划算法优化制冷策略，确定主镜/折转镜遮光罩制冷至220 K的最优方案。结果表明300 K环境下的探测距离从300 km提升至430 km，230 K~320 K环境下探测距离始终大于400 km。本研究提出的双波段复合探测方案与分区制冷方法，为远距离暗弱目标探测及冷光学设计提供了参考。
- 光学设计 /
- 复合探测系统 /
- 远距离探测 /
- 自身热辐射 /
- 探测距离
Abstract:
Addressing the critical challenge of thermal radiation noise suppression in infrared systems for long-range dim target detection, we present a composite detection system with an optimized cooling-based thermal radiation suppression scheme. A common-aperture optical configuration capable of simultaneous long-wave infrared and laser dual-band detection is achieved through a Ritchey-Chrétien (R-C) optical structure and a dichroic-secondary mirror with a hollow design. To mitigate thermal radiation noise, the thermal emission characteristics within the temperature range of 230 K to 320 K were analyzed using Planck’s law and non-sequential ray tracing. An improved detection range model incorporating noise terms was developed. The cooling strategy was optimized via dynamic programming, leading to an optimal solution where the main mirror and folding mirror baffles are cooled to 220 K. Experimental results demonstrate that the detection range at 300 K ambient temperature increases from 300 km to 430 km, and remains above 400 km across the entire 230−320 K range. The proposed dual-band composite detection scheme and zoned cooling methodology provide a valuable reference for the design of cold optical systems and long-range weak target detection.
- optical design /
- compound detection Systems /
- compound detection /
- self-generated thermal radiation /
- detection range

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图 1 激光/长波复合探测系统结构图

Figure 1. Structural diagram of laser/long-wave infrared composite detection system

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图 2 长波红外/激光光学模块像质评价。(a)红外模块MTF；（b）红外模块标准点列图；（c）激光模块MTF；（d）激光模块标准点列图

Figure 2. Image quality evaluation of long-wave infrared/laser optical modules. (a) MTF of the infrared module; (b) standard spot diagram of the infrared module; (c) MTF of the laser module; (d) standard spot diagram of the laser module

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图 3 不同角度入射时光学元件散射情况

Figure 3. Light scattering characteristics of the optical element at different incident angles

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图 4 ABg散射模型

Figure 4. ABg scattering model

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图 5 红外系统光机结构模型

Figure 5. Infrared opto-mechanical system model

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图 6 光机系统的杂散辐射分析示意图。(a)主镜杂散辐射分析(b)主镜遮光罩杂散辐射分析(c)折转镜遮光罩杂散辐射分析

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of stray radiation analysis for the optomechanical system. (a) Stray radiation analysis of the primary mirror; (b) stray radiation analysis of the primary mirror baffle; (c) stray radiation analysis of the folding mirror baffle

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图 7 各辐射源在像面处产生的能量情况

Figure 7. Energy distribution produced by different radiation sources at the image plane

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图 8 动态规划求解过程

Figure 8. Dynamic programming solution process

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图 9 制冷前后工作温度与探测距离关系。(a)未采取制冷(b)采取制冷

Figure 9. Relationship between operating temperature and detection range before and after cooling. (a) Without cooling; (b) with cooling

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表 1 复合探测系统参数指标

Table 1. Composite detection system parameter indicators

Parameters	LWIR	Laser receiving
Wavelength	8 µm−10 µm	1064 nm±10 nm
Focal length	320 mm	900 mm
Detector specification	640×512@25 μm	100 μm×100 μm，像元数：4×4
Field of view	2.86°×2.29°	＞600 μrad
F/#	2	5.6

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表 2 长波红外材料的性能

Table 2. Properties of LWIR materials

LWIR material	Refractive index at 10 μm	Transmission range (µm)	Absorption coefficient at 289 K and 10.6µm (cm⁻¹)
GE	4.0032	1.8−17	0.035
ZnSe	2.4006	0.5−16	0.0005
ZnS	2.2002	1−12	0.08
IRG206	2.777	1.0−17	0.03

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表 3 常用的红外结构涂层的 ABg 参数

Table 3. ABg parameters of common infrared structural coatings

Materials	TIS	A	B	g
High-Absorption Coating	0.1	0.006366	1	0
Black Nickel	0.14	0.08912	1	0
Z306	0.095	0.06047	1	0

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表 4 不同温度下红外系统各表面到达像面的自身杂散辐射分布

Table 4. Distribution of self-scattered radiation at the image plane for infrared system surfaces at different temperatures

Component	Emissivity	Radiation energy received on the image plane from each surface at different temperatures (W)
Component	Emissivity	230 K	250 K	270 K	290 K	310 K	320 K
Primary mirror	0.01	4.79E-08	7.64E-08	1.23E-07	1.85E-07	2.65E-07	3.11E-07
Secondary mirror	0.01	9.95E-09	1.59E-08	2.55E-08	3.84E-08	5.50E-08	6.47E-08
Lens 1 (Ge)	0.012	2.27E-08	3.59E-08	5.76E-08	8.69E-08	1.24E-07	1.46E-07
Lens 2 (ZnS)	0.0728	3.41E-08	5.16E-08	8.29E-08	1.21E-07	1.79E-07	2.10E-07
Lens 3 (ZnSe)	0.0003	7.23E-11	1.82E-10	2.92E-10	4.40E-10	6.29E-10	7.41E-10
Structure between Lens 1 and Lens 2	0.8	9.88E-10	2.37E-09	3.82E-09	5.86E-09	8.45E-08	9.98E-08
Structure between Lens 2 and Lens3	0.8	9.79E-10	2.48E-09	3.98E-09	6.00E-09	8.58E-09	1.01E-08
Structure between Lens 3 and collapsible lens baffle	0.8	4.65E-07	7.41E-07	1.19E-06	1.79E-06	2.57E-06	3.02E-06
Main baffle	0.8	8.47E-06	1.12E-05	1.82E-05	2.74E-05	3.92E-05	4.62E-05
Secondary support rings	0.1	1.06E-06	1.69E-06	2.72E-06	4.10E-06	5.86E-06	6.90E-06
Field stop	0.9	4.39E-08	6.92E-08	1.11E-07	1.68E-07	2.40E-07	2.82E-07
Collapsible lens 1	0.01	5.10E-08	8.35E-08	1.34E-07	2.02E-07	2.89E-07	3.41E-07
Lens 4 (irg206)	0.023	3.04E-07	5.63E-07	9.04E-07	1.36E-06	1.95E-06	2.23E-06
Lens 5 (ZnSe)	0.00035	5.72E-09	8.27E-09	1.33E-08	2.00E-08	2.86E-08	3.37E-08
Lens 6 (irg206)	0.022	3.60E-07	5.87E-07	9.44E-07	1.42E-06	2.04E-06	2.40E-06
Lens 7 (Zns)	0.0768	4.67E-07	6.73E-07	1.081E-06	1.63E-06	2.33E-06	2.74E-06
Collapsible lens 2	0.01	7.65E-09	1.88E-08	3.02E-08	3.73E-08	6.51E-08	7.66E-08
Collapsible lens baffle	0.8	5.54E-06	9.64E-06	1.55E-05	2.33E-05	3.34E-05	3.94E-05
Collapsible lens mount	0.8	2.92E-07	1.84E-06	2.96E-06	4.46E-06	6.38E-06	7.51E-06
Structure between Lens 4 and Lens 5	0.8	3.34E-07	6.25E-07	1.00E-06	1.51E-06	2.07E-06	2.36E-06
Structure between Lens 5 and Lens 6	0.8	1.58E-07	3.69E-07	5.43E-07	8.15E-07	1.17E-06	1.38E-06
Structure between Lens 6 and Lens 7	0.8	3.47E-07	5.53E-07	8.88E-07	1.34E-06	1.91E-06	2.25E-06
Structure between Lens 7 and dewar	0.1	3.96E-07	6.30E-07	1.01E-06	1.53E-06	2.19E-06	2.57E-06
Total	-	1.84E-05	2.95E-05	4.75E-05	7.16E-05	1.02E-04	1.21E-04

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表 5 系统参数对比

Table 5. Comparison of system parameters

Parameters	System in this study	System in other study
Aperture	160 mm	300 mm
Focal	320 mm	600 mm
Wavelength	8µm−10 μm	3µm−5µm
Detection Range（work temperature:20 °C）	Without Cooling:300 km With Cooling:430 km	400 km

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