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摘要: 为了研究长白落叶松光谱对土壤Cu胁迫的响应特征和变化规律，在辽东树基沟矿区的3条勘测线上布置采样点，进行表层土壤的多种重金属元素含量和长白落叶松针叶的反射光谱测定，并提取了7个特征波段，计算了多个波段区间的光谱角，将其与土壤主要重金属铜的含量进行相关分析，建立了回归模型。结果表明：7个光谱特征波段中，"红谷"参数与表层土壤铜含量的相关系数最大，基于"红谷"反射率建立的回归模型的R2达到0.865。光谱角对铜胁迫长白落叶松针叶波段区间[400，716]nm、[400，2 500]nm的光谱变化十分敏感。"红边"位置和反射率与土壤铜含量不相关，不适合区分矿区表层土壤重金属含量间的细微差别。对可见光敏感的"红谷"参数和光谱角均表明反射光谱的差异主要由叶绿素含量控制，小部分受到针叶中水分含量的影响。本研究利用长白落叶松"红谷"和光谱角的"指纹效应"，为快速有效反演大面积高植被覆盖区的土壤重金属含量、圈定隐伏矿（化）体提供了理论依据。Abstract: In order to study the spectral response and change rule of Larix olgensis Henry to copper stress, sampling points were arranged along three exploratory lines in Shujigou mining area of eastern Liaoning province. Several heavy metal concentrations in the surface soil and reflectance spectra of Larix olgensis Henry needle leaves of each sample point were measured. 7 characteristic wavelengths were extracted and spectral angles of several band regions were also calculated respectively. Then the spectral signatures changes in copper-stressed needle leaves and soil copper concentrations were disposed by bivarite correlations analysis and regression equation were estimated. Results showed that the correlation coefficient of the "Red trough" parameter and soil copper concentration was the largest among them, and that the coefficient of determination(R2) of regression model based on the reflectance of "Red trough" was 0.865. The spectral angles were very sensitive to spectral changes of copper stressed Larix olgensis Henry needle for wavelength from 400 nm to 716 nm and wavelength from 400 nm to 2 500 nm, which has been proved to be an efficient tool for describing the spectral differences between copper-contaminated leaves and healthy ones. However, the red edge position(REP) and reflectance of REP had little to do with the content of heavy metals in soil and were not suitable for determining copper contamination in soil. The fact that "Red trough" parameter and spectral angles are sensitive to visible light demonstrates that the difference in the reflectance spectrum is mainly controlled by chlorophyll content, and only a small part of the difference is affected by the water content of needles. The fingerprint effects of "Red trough" and spectral angles in this paper can provide new technology to support the diagnosis and monitoring for mine contamination and locate the future mineralization.
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Key words:
- reflectance spectra /
- characteristic bands /
- copper stress /
- spectral angle /
- shujigou mining area
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图 1 树基沟矿区地质简图及3条勘测线上采样点的位置
Figure 1. Plane of Copper-Zinc deposits in Shujigou mining area(a) and sampling points along three exploratory lines(b)
图 2 各采样点表层土壤样品的重金属含量分布图
Figure 2. Heavy metal concentration distribution of different sampling points in surface soil
图 3 3条测线上各个采样点针叶的反射光谱
Figure 3. Reflectance spectra of needle leaves in sampling points along three exploratory lines
图 4 长白落叶松针叶光谱的特征波段波长
Figure 4. Characteristic bands wavelength of reflectance spectra of Larix olgensis Henry needle leaves
图 5 长白落叶松针叶的特征波段的反射率
Figure 5. Reflectance of characteristic bands of Larix olgensis Henry needle leaves
图 6 各个波段区间的光谱角及阈值
Figure 6. Spectral angles and their thresholds of different spectral regions
表 1 反射光谱的7种特征波段
Table 1. Seven characteristic bands of reflectance spectra
名称 光谱特征波段计算方法 红边 叶片反射光谱一阶导数在670~780 nm的最大值 紫谷 叶片反射光谱在382~500 nm的最小值 蓝边 叶片反射光谱一阶导数在450~550 nm的最小值 绿峰 叶片反射光谱在500~600 nm的最大值 黄边 叶片反射光谱一阶导数在550~650 nm的最小值 红谷 叶片反射光谱在600~720 nm的最小值 红肩 叶片反射光谱在750~950 nm的最大值 谷1 叶片反射光谱在970 nm附近的最小值 谷2 叶片反射光谱在1 190 nm附近的最小值 谷3 叶片反射光谱在1 440 nm附近的最小值 谷4 叶片反射光谱在1 925 nm附近的最小值 
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表 2 各个采样点污染等级统计表
Table 2. Statistical table of pollution level of each sampling point
污染等级 4# 12# 20# 采样点编号 采样点个数 百分比/% 采样点编号 采样点个数 百分比/% 采样点编号 采样点个数 百分比/% 重度污染 4-6 1 11.11 0 0 0 0 轻度污染 4-5 1 11.11 0 0 0 0 警戒限 4-4, 4-11,
4-8, 4-94 44.44 12-4,
12-62 22.22 0 0 安全 4-2, 4-3,
4-73 33.33 12-1, 12-2,
12-3, 12-5,
12-7, 12-8,
12-97 77.78 20-3, 20-4,
20-5, 20-6,
20-7, 20-86 100
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表 3 表层土壤铜含量与光谱特征波段之间的Pearson系数
Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficients between copper concentration in soil and characteristic bands
紫谷ZG-x 绿峰LF-x 红谷HG-x 红肩HJ-x 蓝边LB-x 黄边HB-x 红边REP-x 土壤中Cu含量 -0.488 -0.114 0.536** -0.353 -0.327 0.215 -0.257 **在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关.
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表 4 表层土壤铜含量与特征波段光谱反射率之间的Pearson相关系数
Table 4. Pearson coefficients between concentration of Cu in soil and reflectance of characteristic bands
紫谷ZG-y 绿峰LF-y 红谷HG-y 红肩HJ-y 蓝边LB-y 黄边HB-y 红边REP-y 土壤中Cu含量 0.685** 0.553** 0.705** 0.24 0.654** 0.5 0.114 **在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关.
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