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激光焊熔宽的超声检测精度提升

黄治轶 王春生 贺帅 谷晓鹏 董娟 徐国成

黄治轶, 王春生, 贺帅, 谷晓鹏, 董娟, 徐国成. 激光焊熔宽的超声检测精度提升[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2021, 14(3): 652-660. doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0149
引用本文: 黄治轶, 王春生, 贺帅, 谷晓鹏, 董娟, 徐国成. 激光焊熔宽的超声检测精度提升[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2021, 14(3): 652-660. doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0149
HUANG Zhi-yi, WANG Chun-sheng, HE Shuai, GU Xiao-peng, DONG Juan, XU Guo-cheng. Improvement of the ultrasonic testing accuracy of laser welding fusion width[J]. Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(3): 652-660. doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0149
Citation: HUANG Zhi-yi, WANG Chun-sheng, HE Shuai, GU Xiao-peng, DONG Juan, XU Guo-cheng. Improvement of the ultrasonic testing accuracy of laser welding fusion width[J]. Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(3): 652-660. doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0149

激光焊熔宽的超声检测精度提升

doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0149
基金项目: 吉林省科技发展计划项目(No. 20190302044GX);长春市科技计划项目(No.18SS016)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    黄治轶(1974—),男,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,教授级高级工程师,2005年于吉林大学材料加工工程专业获得硕士学位,现为中车长客轨道车辆股份有限公司工艺规划经理,主要从事轨道车辆车体焊装工艺开发以及焊接质量控制和检测技术方面的研究。E-mail:hzy77151145@126.com

    董 娟(1983—),女,四川宜宾人,博士,工程师,2019年7月于吉林大学获得博士学位,现为吉林大学材料科学与工程学院职工,主要从事焊接接头的质量控制与检测方面的研究。E-mail:dongjuan@jlu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TG441.7

Improvement of the ultrasonic testing accuracy of laser welding fusion width

Funds: Supported by Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province (No. 20190302044GX); Changchun Science and Technology Plan (No.18SS016)
More Information
  • 摘要: 在超声无损检测时,搭接激光窄焊缝接头尺寸较小,采用传统6 dB法对其界面处的熔宽判定存在较大的误差。为了提高检测精度,通过研究传统6 dB法的检测误差来源,采用有限元分析方法分析了激光焊接头内部入射超声波的传播规律和反射回波特性,构建了基于修正6 dB法的激光焊接头熔宽评估模型,并通过物理实验进行了验证。研究结果表明,上板底面的一次回波幅值可作为反映接头内部结构的特征值,当探头中心对应接头内部焊缝熔合线边缘位置时,一次回波幅值的衰减度随上板板厚而变化,据此可根据上板板厚选择衰减度值对传统6 dB法进行修正,从而定量计算接头内部板层接触面处的有效熔宽。实际激光焊接头的超声检测结果证实:采用修正6 dB法求解出的激光焊接头的熔宽与物理实验结果吻合良好,对实际生产中超声检测激光焊接头的精度提升提供了参考。

     

  • 图 1  激光焊接头结构图

    Figure 1.  Structure of the laser welding joint

    图 2  激光焊接头截面金相图

    Figure 2.  The metallographic section of the laser welding joint

    图 3  激光焊接头的截面模型。(a)结构及尺寸;(b)求解域设置

    Figure 3.  Section model of the laser welding joint. (a) Structure and dimensions; (b) solution domain setting

    图 4  超声激励信号模型

    Figure 4.  Ultrasonic excitation signal model

    图 5  网格划分

    Figure 5.  Mesh generation

    图 6  母材区的超声场分布。(a) t=0.02 μs;(b) t=0.16 μs;(c) t=0.32 μs;(d) t=0.48 μs

    Figure 6.  Ultrasonic distributions at the base metal zone. (a) t=0.02 μs; (b) t=0.16 μs; (c) t=0.32 μs; (d) t=0.48 μs

    图 7  过渡区的超声场分布。(a) t=0.02 μs;(b) t=0.16 μs;(c) t=0.32 μs;(d) t=0.48 μs

    Figure 7.  Ultrasonic distribution in the transitional zone. (a) t=0.02 μs; (b) t=0.16 μs; (c) t=0.32 μs; (d) t=0.48 μs

    图 8  熔合区的超声场分布。(a) t=0.02 μs;(b) t=0.16 μs;(c) t=0.48 μs;(d) t=0.8 μs;(e) t=0.88 μs;(f) t=0.96 μs

    Figure 8.  Ultrasonic distribution in the fusion zone. (a) t=0.02 μs; (b) t=0.16 μs; (c) t=0.48 μs; (d) t=0.8 μs; (e) t=0.88 μs; (f) t=0.96 μs

    图 9  接头不同区域的超声A扫描信号。(a)母材区;(b)过渡区;(c)熔合区

    Figure 9.  Ultrasonic A-scan echoes from different connection zones. (a) Base metal zone; (b) transitional zone; (c) fusion zone

    图 10  不同尺寸接头超声A扫描信号一次回波变化规律。(a)不同熔宽尺寸接头U1幅值变化规律;(b)不同上板板厚U1衰减度变化规律

    Figure 10.  The change regularity of an ultrasonic A scan echoes at different joint dimensions. (a) U1 amplitude changes with different joint widths; (b) U1 attenuation degree changes with different upper plate thickness

    图 11  激光焊接头各区域超声A扫描信号。(a)母材区;(b)母材侧过渡区;(c)焊缝侧过渡区;(d)焊缝连接区

    Figure 11.  Ultrasonic A-scan echoes from different zones of laser welding joints. (a) Base metal zone; (b) transition zone at the base metal side; (c) transition zone at the joint side; (d) fusion zone

    图 12  激光焊接头连接状态表征曲线。 (a) 特征量选取;(b) 特征量变化规律

    Figure 12.  Characteristic curve of the connection status of laser welding joints. (a) Characteristic parameter selection; (b) change regulation of the characteristic parameter

    图 13  激光焊接头熔宽测量结果。(a)修正6 dB法、传统6 dB法和金相测量结果对比;(b)修正6 dB法的误差分布

    Figure 13.  Results of joint width measured by different methods. (a) Comparison of detection results of the modified 6 dB method, traditional 6 dB method and metallographic section; (b) error distribution of modified 6 dB method

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-08-24
  • 修回日期:  2020-10-20
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-02-05
  • 刊出日期:  2021-05-14

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