Research on a domestic 3D visualization diffractive waveguide simulation module based on ray- field tracing

Diffractive waveguide, known for their lightweight, wide field of view, and large eyebox, have emerged as one of the most promising solutions for augmented reality (AR) near-eye display technologies. However, most commercially available AR waveguide simulation software is developed by foreign companies, and domestic advancements in 3D visualization software for optical waveguide design and simulation remain notably absent. To our knowledge, this work introduces the first domestically developed 3D visualization module for optical waveguide design and simulation based on ray-field tracing. Using this module, we engineered a two-dimensional exit-pupil-expansion diffractive waveguide, demonstrating a systematic design workflow. The workflow integrates k-domain analysis, automated layout generation of grating regions within the optical waveguide, waveguide optimization, and ray-field tracing simulations, establishing a cohesive methodology for device development. The module extends beyond single-waveguide simulations to system-level analyses of near-eye displays, incorporating micro-dislplays, micro-projectors, and human eye models. By bridging microscopic and macroscopic scales, it enables holistic performance evaluation of AR optical systems, highlighting its capabilities and technical advantages. This module provides a robust and efficient platform for domestic optical engineers to advance optical waveguide design and simulation, thereby accelerating the industrialization and technological progression of AR optics in our country.