用于高能激光系统的共孔径光学装置设计

邓万涛; 赵刚; 张茂; 陈翔

doi:10.3788/CO.20201301.0165

用于高能激光系统的共孔径光学装置设计

doi: 10.3788/CO.20201301.0165

cstr: 32171.14.CO.20201301.0165

邓万涛^{1, 2,},
赵刚^2, ,,
张茂²,
陈翔²

1.
北京理工大学光电学院, 北京 100081
2.
西南技术物理研究所, 四川成都 610041

基金项目:

国防科学技术预先研究基金项目 No.301040310

详细信息

作者简介:
邓万涛(1987-), 男, 贵州黔南人, 博士研究生, 工程师, 2010年于中国计量大学获得学士学位, 2013年于浙江大学获得硕士学位, 主要从事高能激光光束控制与传输方面的工作。E-mail:dengwantao@sohu.com

赵刚(1967—)，男，四川巴中人，博士，研究员，主要从事高能激光系统总体设计方面的工作。E-mail:zhao_209@sohu.com

中图分类号: TN249
计量
- 文章访问数: 2253
- HTML全文浏览量: 777
- PDF下载量: 185
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-06
- 修回日期: 2019-07-01
- 刊出日期: 2020-02-01

Design of optical device with co-aperture for high energy laser system

DENG Wan-tao^{1, 2
,},
ZHAO Gang^{2
, ,},
ZHANG Mao²,
CHEN Xiang²

1.
School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China

Funds:

Supported by Advanced Research Foundation of Defense Science and Technology No.301040310

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHAO Gang, E-mail:zhao_209@sohu.com

摘要

摘要: 高能激光系统的主要工作方式是利用其精跟踪模块将发射激光传输聚焦至闭环跟踪条件下的目标上，使之受到毁伤或失效。为实现该工作方式，本文研究设计了一套共孔径光学收发装置。该装置的发射系统主要由离轴两反式主望远镜模块、伽利略透射式调焦望远镜模块和光束馈送模块共同组成二级扩束系统，接收系统主要由离轴两反式主望远镜模块、精跟踪成像模块和光束馈送模块共同组成长焦距光学系统，其中光束馈送模块由二向色镜、快速反射镜等光学元件组成。以非相干空间合束的基模高斯光作为激光光源，利用光学设计软件对该装置进行了优化设计。对于发射系统，获得了激光经过调焦望远镜模块不同的调焦量调制后，传输至0.5~5 km处的光斑分布情况，且激光波前像差RMS值均优于λ/20；对于接收系统，由各模块一同构成的成像光学系统的性能经优化后接近衍射极限，其中系统传递函数在70 lp/mm时大于0.6，最后通过样机实验也验证了设计的正确性。本文的设计和实验结果证实了该共孔径光学收发装置结构合理，性能可靠，满足高能激光系统的工程应用需求。
- 高能激光系统 /
- 共孔径光学 /
- 二级扩束 /
- 激光聚焦 /
- 目标成像
Abstract: The working principle of high energy laser systems is focusing the transmitting laser beam onto target while the target is tracked in a closed-loop using a fine tracking module, so that the target can be damaged or invalidated. In order to achieve this, an optical device with a co-aperture is designed for high-energy laser systems. The emitting system of this device is a two-stage beam expander consisted of an off-axis two-trans primary telescope module, a Galileo transmission telescope module for focusing, and a beam-feeding module. The receiver of this device is a long-focus optical system consisted of the same off-axis two-trans primary telescope module, an imaging module for fine tracking, and the same beam-feeding module, which is composed of a dichroic mirror, a fast mirror and other optical elements. Using an incoherent combination laser in space as laser source, we use optical design software in both the sequential mode and the non-sequential mode to design and simulate this device. The simulation results show that for the emitting system, the distribution of the spot at 0.5~5 km is obtained after the laser is modulated by different focusing quantities in the focusing telescope module. The RMS value of the laser wavefront is found to be better than λ/20 in the emitting system. In addition, the performance of the imaging optical system approaches the diffraction limit after optimizing, and the system transfer function is greater than 0.6 at 70 lp/mm. A prototype experiment is carried out to verify the correctness and rationality of this design. The results of this paper confirm that this optical transceiver possesses reasonable structure and reliable performance, which meets the engineering requirements of high-energy laser system applications.
- high energy laser system /
- common aperture optics /
- two-stage beam expander /
- laser focusing /
- target imaging

HTML全文

图 1 共孔径光学装置结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of optical device with co-aperture

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 理想光学系统物象位置关系示意图

Figure 2. Relationship diagram of position between object and image in ideal optical system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 聚焦距离与调焦量的关系(f_p在100~1 000 mm时)

Figure 3. Relationship of focusing adjustment quantity and focusing distance(f_p is from 100 mm to 1 000 mm)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 物镜组焦距与调焦量的变化关系

Figure 4. Relationship of focal length of objective lens group and focusing adjustment quantity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 发射系统模型

Figure 5. Model of emitting system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 入射激光光斑分布

Figure 6. Spot distribution of incident laser

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 聚焦激光光斑分布图

Figure 7. Spot distributions after focusing laser at different focusing distances

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 M²因子与η关系

Figure 8. Relationship between M² and η

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 激光传输聚焦性能与M²的对应关系

Figure 9. Relationship between performance of laser propagation and M²

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 精跟踪成像模块模型

Figure 10. Model of fine tracking imaging module

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 接收系统模型

Figure 11. Model of receiving system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 不同物距对应的MTF图

Figure 12. MTF corresponding to different object distances

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 不同物距对应的点列图

Figure 13. SPTs corresponding to different object distances

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 1 km处光斑分布测量结果

Figure 14. Measurement of spot distribution at 1 km

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 1 km处无人机跟踪图像

Figure 15. Tracking image of UAV at 1 km

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 优化后各聚焦距离下的d, Δ, RMS值

Table 1. d, Δ and RMS values corresponding to different focusing distances after optimizing

参数类型				参数值
L/km	0.5	1	2	3	4	5	∞
d/mm	137.78	125.91	119.96	117.98	116.99	116.39	114
Δ/mm	23.78	11.91	5.96	3.98	2.99	2.39	0
RMS/λ	0.019	0.016	0.013	0.012	0.011	0.011	0.009

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 入射激光参数

Table 2. Parameters of incident laser

参数类型	参数值
合束激光数目	7
合束激光直径/mm	60
设计波长/nm	1 070~1 090
单束激光发散角/mrad	0.12

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 成像接收系统参数

Table 3. Parameters of imaging receiving system

参数类型	参数值
视场/(′)	±6.6
入瞳直径/mm	320
设计波长/nm	780~840
有效焦距/mm	1 200

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同物距对应的弥散圆半径最大值

Table 4. Maximum RMS radius corresponding to different object distances

L/km	0.5	1	2	3	4	5
RMS Radius/μm	2.203	0.976	0.961	0.837	0.782	0.753
Airy Radius/μm	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 激光发射系统公差分析

Table 5. Tolerance analysis of emitting system

公差类型	公差名称	聚焦望远镜模块	光束馈送模块		望远镜模块
公差类型	公差名称	各透镜	快反镜	分色镜	主反射镜	次反射镜
加工公差	折射率	0.001	—	—	—	—
	阿贝数	1%	—	—	—	—
	光圈数	1	1	1	0.5	0.5
	不规则度	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
	厚度	0.03 mm	0.03 mm	0.03 mm	0.01 mm	0.01 mm
	X轴偏心	0.02 mm	—	—	—	—
	Y轴偏心	0.02 mm	—	—	—	—
	X轴倾斜	42″	—	—	—	—
	Y轴倾斜	42″	—	—	—	—
装调公差	X轴偏心	0.02 mm	0.02 mm	0.02 mm	0.01 mm	0.01 mm
	Y轴偏心	0.02 mm	0.02 mm	0.02 mm	0.01 mm	0.01 mm
	X轴倾斜	42″	42″	42″	30″	16″
	Y轴倾斜	42″	42″	42″	30″	16″

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 成像接收系统公差分析

Table 6. Tolerance analysis of receiving system

公差类型	公差名称	精跟踪成像模块	光束馈送模块		望远镜模块
公差类型	公差名称	透镜各表面	快反镜	分色镜	主反射镜	次反射镜
加工公差	折射率	0.001	—	0.001	—	—
	阿贝数	1%	—	1%	—	—
	光圈数	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
	不规则度	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
	厚度	0.04 mm	0.03 mm	0.03 mm	0.01 mm	0.01 mm
	X轴偏心	0.02 mm	—	0.03 mm	—	—
	Y轴偏心	0.02 mm	—	0.03 mm	—	—
	X轴倾斜	42″	—	42″	—	—
	Y轴倾斜	42″	—	42″	—	—
装调公差	X轴偏心	0.03 mm	0.03 mm	0.03 mm	0.01 mm	0.01 mm
	Y轴偏心	0.03 mm	0.03 mm	0.03 mm	0.01 mm	0.01 mm
	X轴倾斜	42″	42″	42″	30″	16″
	Y轴倾斜	42″	42″	42″	30″	16″

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 聚焦光斑直径

Table 7. Diameter of focusing spot

L(km)	k	(D_x, D_y) (测量值)	(D_x, D_y) (实际值)	(D_x, D_y) (设计值)
1	22	(1127 μm, 1156 μm)	(24.79 mm, 25.43 mm)	(23.6 mm, 23.6 mm)

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(19)

[1]	伊炜伟, 屈长虹, 任国光.战术机载激光武器[J].激光与红外, 2018, 48(2): 131-139. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2018.02.001 YI W W, QU CH H, REN G G. Tactical airborne laser weapon[J]. Laser & Infrared, 2018, 48(2): 131-139. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2018.02.001
[2]	何奇毅, 宗思光.舰载激光武器发展进展与思考[J].激光与红外, 2017, 47(12): 1455-1460. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2017.12.001 HE Q Y, ZONG S G. Research progress and consideration of shipborne laser weapon[J]. Laser & Infrared, 2017, 47(12): 1455-1460. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2017.12.001
[3]	张岩岫, 王冰, 雷萍, 等.高能激光对抗系统的发展现状与趋势[J].光电技术应用, 2018, 33(6): 24-28. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1255.2018.06.005 ZHANG Y X, WANG B, LEI P, et al.. Development situation and trend of high energy laser countermeasure system[J]. Electro-Optic Technology Application, 2018, 33(6): 24-28. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1255.2018.06.005
[4]	李晶, 车英, 王加安, 等.折反射共光路多谱段激光雷达光学系统设计[J].中国激光, 2018, 45(5): 267-272. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgjg201805037 LI J, CHE Y, WANG J A, et al.. Optical system design for multi-spectral laser radar with refraction and reflection in co-path[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2018, 45(5): 267-272. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgjg201805037
[5]	金光, 李艳杰, 钟兴, 等.空间成像与激光通信共口径光学系统设计[J].光学精密工程, 2014, 22(8): 2067-2074. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxjmgc201408013 JIN G, LI Y J, ZHONG X, et al.. Design of co-aperture optical system for space imaging and laser communication[J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 2014, 22(8): 2067-2074. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxjmgc201408013
[6]	谢桂娟, 吴健, 李长桢.一种反射共孔径式激光测距光学系统设计[J].激光与红外, 2017, 47(5): 606-612. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2017.05.016 XIE G J, WU J, LI CH ZH. Design of reflective laser ranging optical system with common aperture[J]. Laser & Infrared, 2017, 47(5): 606-612. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2017.05.016
[7]	李艳杰, 金光, 张元, 等.成像与激光发射系统的共口径设计与实验[J].中国光学, 2015, 8(2): 220-226. http://www.chineseoptics.net.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9252.shtml LI Y J, JIN G, ZHANG Y, et al.. Co-aperture optical system for imaging and laser transmitting[J]. Chinese Optics, 2015, 8(2): 220-226. (in Chinese) http://www.chineseoptics.net.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9252.shtml
[8]	刘琳, 李林.近距离激光武器光学系统特性分析[J].激光与红外, 2018, 48(1): 109-112. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2018.01.020 LIU L, LI L. Feature analysis on optical system of close range laser weapon[J]. Laser & Infrared, 2018, 48(1): 109-112. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2018.01.020
[9]	曹秋生.战术激光武器聚焦发射特性计算研究[J].电光系统, 2017(3): 1-5. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/92484X/201703/673739285.html CAO Q SH. Computational research on focused emission characteristics of tactical laser weapon[J]. Electronic and Electro-Optical Systems, 2017(3): 1-5. (in Chinese) http://www.cqvip.com/QK/92484X/201703/673739285.html
[10]	王效才.强激光武器系统光学总体考虑[J].应用光学, 1996, 17(6): 8-13. http://www.cqvip.com/qk/95241X/199606/2236541.html WANG X C. Optical general considerations of powerful laser weapon system[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 1996, 17(6): 8-13. (in Chinese) http://www.cqvip.com/qk/95241X/199606/2236541.html
[11]	郭劲.战术激光武器系统若干关键技术分析及发展研究[J].光学精密工程, 1996, 4(1): 7-14. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-924X.1996.01.002 GUO J. Key technology analyse and develop researching of the tactical laser weapon system[J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 1996, 4(1): 7-14. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-924X.1996.01.002
[12]	STATON R, PAWLAK R. Laser Weapon System (LaWS) adjunct to the Close- In Weapon System (CIWS)[J]. Leading Edge, 2012, 7(4): 36-43. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=mfqtfpRtgHDH6nSBcxz3xNT0+fjqfF+eTjXbaxL7ndI=
[13]	李怡勇, 王建华, 李智.高能激光武器发展态势[J].兵器装备工程学报, 2017, 38(6): 1-6. doi: 10.11809/scbgxb2017.06.001 LI Y Y, WANG J H, LI ZH. Development situation of high-energy laser weapons[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2017, 38(6): 1-6. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11809/scbgxb2017.06.001
[14]	赵延仲, 宋丰华, 孙华燕. 1.06 μm脉冲激光高倍率变焦的扩束发射光学系统设计[J].红外与激光工程, 2007, 36(6): 891-895. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2276.2007.06.032 ZHAO Y ZH, SONG F H, SUN H Y. Optical design of 1.06μm pulse laser expanding system with high rate variable focus[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2007, 36(6): 891-895. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2276.2007.06.032
[15]	郑盼, 杨应平, 郜洪云, 等.基于伽利略结构的二级激光扩束系统的设计[J].应用光学, 2008, 29(3): 347-350. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2082.2008.03.007 ZHENG P, YANG Y P, GAO H Y, et al.. Design of two-level laser beam expander based on Galilean structure[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2008, 29(3): 347-350. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2082.2008.03.007
[16]	赵阳, 巩岩.折反射式连续变倍扩束系统的设计[J].光电工程, 2010, 37(4): 77-82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-501X.2010.04.015 ZHAO Y, GONG Y. Design of catadioptric variable focus beam expanding optical system[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2010, 37(4): 77-82. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-501X.2010.04.015
[17]	卢政伟, 邵帅, 马亚坤.复合式无遮拦激光扩束器的设计[J].中国光学, 2018, 11(4): 582-589. http://www.chineseoptics.net.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9478.shtml LU ZH W, SHAO SH, MA Y K. Design of a composite laser beam expander without obscuration[J]. Chinese Optics, 2018, 11(4): 582-589. (in Chinese) http://www.chineseoptics.net.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9478.shtml
[18]	亓红群, 段开椋, 蒲继雄.光纤激光及其相干合成光场的准确分析[J].激光技术, 2009, 33(6): 600-603. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jgjs200906008 QI H Q, DUAN K L, PU J X. Accurate analysis of coherent beam combining of fiber laser[J]. Laser Technology, 2009, 33(6): 600-603. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jgjs200906008
[19]	冯国英, 周寿桓, 高春清.激光模场及光束质量表征[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2016. FENG G Y, ZHOU SH H, GAO CH Q. Laser Mode Field and Beam Quality Characterization[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2016. (in Chinese)