Drag-free control and its application in China's space gravitational wave detection
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摘要: 无拖曳控制技术通过控制微推力器产生的推力来抵消航天器受到的非保守力，其是获得超静超稳空间实验平台的关键技术之一。首先总结了无拖曳控制技术的研究现状与发展趋势，系统地总结了国外历次无拖曳航天器控制系统的详细设计方案以及国内的研究进展，随后分析了无拖曳控制技术的特点以及所面临的挑战，并概括了无拖曳控制所涉及到的关键技术。最后针对我国空间引力波探测对无拖曳控制技术的需求做了详细的分析与展望。Abstract: Drag-free control technology counteracts non-conservative forces that act on a spacecraft by controlling thrust generated by micro-thrusters. It is among the key technologies for obtaining an ultra-quiet and ultra-stable space experimental platform. Firstly, the status of current research and the development trends of drag-free control technologies both abroad and within China are summarized. Then the characteristics and challenges of drag-free control technologies are analyzed and the key technologies involved in drag-free control are summarized. Finally, analysis and prospection are provided for applications of drag-free control technologies in China's space gravitational wave detection.
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图 3 “GP-B”位移模式无拖曳控制系统
Figure 3. Drag-free control system with "GP-B" displacement mode
图 4 “GP-B”加速度计模式无拖曳控制系统
Figure 4. Drag-free control system with "GP-B" accelerometer mode
图 5 GOCE卫星无拖曳与姿态控制框图
Figure 5. Block diagram of the drag-free and attitude control of GOCE
图 7 LPF检验质量和航天器坐标系和变量定义
Figure 7. Test masses, spacecraft coordinate and variable definition of LPF
图 9 600 km轨道太阳光压扰动加速度功率谱噪声
Figure 9. Spectral density noise of disturbance acceleration sun pressure at 600 km
表 1 检验质量的分类
Table 1. Classification of test mass
形状 代表卫星 稳定模式 优点 球形 GPB 自旋稳定 自旋稳定，消除球度不规则引起的观测误差 圆柱形 STEP 自旋稳定 自旋稳定，消除圆度不规则引起的观测误差 方形 LPF 三轴稳定 自由度分离，便于控制 
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表 2 无拖曳控制微推力器
Table 2. Micro-thruster with drag-free control
推力器 代表卫星 推力范围 推力噪声 离子微推形 GOCE 几微牛~几百毫牛 几十微牛 冷气微推 Trial I 几微牛~几十毫牛 0.1~几十微牛 微胶体微推 LPF 几微牛~几十微牛 0.1微牛 场发射微推 LPF 几微牛~几十微牛 0.1微牛
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