太极计划激光指向调控方案介绍

高瑞弘; 刘河山; 罗子人; 靳刚

doi:10.3788/CO.20191203.0425

太极计划激光指向调控方案介绍

doi: 10.3788/CO.20191203.0425

高瑞弘^{1, 2,},
刘河山¹,
罗子人^1, ,,
靳刚^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院力学研究所, 北京 100190
2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目:

中科院战略性先导科技专项（B） XDB23030000

详细信息

作者简介:
高瑞弘(1994-), 男, 辽宁大连人, 博士研究生, 主要从事空间引力波探测中的激光干涉测量方面的研究。E-mail:gaoruihong@imech.ac.cn

罗子人(1980-), 男, 理学博士, 现任中国科学院力学研究所副研究员, 硕士生导师, 主要从事空间引力波探测中的激光干涉测量方面的研究。E-mail:luoziren@imech.ac.cn

中图分类号: P171.3;O439
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-06-29
- 修回日期: 2018-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-01

Introduction of laser pointing scheme in the Taiji program

GAO Rui-hong^{1, 2
,},
LIU He-shan¹,
LUO Zi-ren^{1
, ,},
JIN Gang^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds:

the Strategic Priority Research Program(B) of the Chinese Academy of Science XDB23030000

More Information

Corresponding author: LUO Zi-ren, E-mail:luoziren@imech.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 空间引力波探测中为实现引力波信号科学测量，卫星发射到预定轨道后需首先完成百万公里级激光链路的构建。同时为保证引力波信号不会被激光指向噪声淹没，激光指向稳定性需达到nrad/量级。为此需设计一套复杂而精密的激光指向调控方案。本文以太极计划为背景，详细阐述了可采用的指向调控方案。拟将整个过程将分为两个阶段，首先进行激光捕获过程，在该过程中，使用星敏感器（STR）与电荷耦合器件（CCD）作为辅助捕获探测器，将激光指向不确定区域控制到μrad量级。之后进行激光精密指向过程，利用差分波前敏感测角（DWS）技术对激光指向稳定性进行控制。根据太极计划要求，对各阶段捕获探测器提出了视场及精度要求，并论述了采用DWS技术实现精密指向的可行性。相关结论可为未来的验证实验奠定理论基础，对太极计划指向系统构建提供参考。
- 太极计划 /
- 引力波 /
- 激光捕获 /
- 精密指向
Abstract: To realize scientific measurement of gravitational waves in the space gravitational wave detection, after launching into a predetermined orbit, the satellites must first construct a 100-km laser link. Furthermore, to prevent the gravitational wave signal from being flooded by laser pointing noise, the laser pointing stability must reach a magnitude of nrad/. Therefore, a sophisticated laser pointing scheme has to be adopted. In this paper, based on the Taiji program, we will discuss the design of such a scheme, which can be divided into two phases. Laser acquisition will be the first process. A star sensor(STR) and a charge coupled device(CCD) will be used as auxiliary capture detectors to decrease the laser pointing uncertainty region to sub-μrad levels. After that will be the laser fine pointing process, which uses differential wavefront sensitive(DWS) technology to accurately control pointing direction. The requirements of the acquisition sensors will be proposed based on the Taiji program while the feasibility of the DWS technique in the laser fine pointing phase will be discussed. The conclusions of this paper can be regarded as the basis and principle of related experiments and will give a reference for system construction in the laser pointing scheme of the Taiji program.
- Taiji program /
- gravitational wave /
- laser acquisition /
- fine pointing

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图 1 星敏感器位置示意图

Figure 1. Location map of star sensor

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图 2 CCD激光信号捕获方案示意图(a); SC2激光扫描(b); SC1接收到来自SC2激光(c); SC1视线对准SC2;(d)SC2视线对准SC1

Figure 2. CCD laser acquisition scheme (a)SC2 laser scanning; (b)SC1 captures the laser from SC2; (c)SC1 points to SC2; (d)SC2 points to SC1

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图 3 CCD表面光斑偏移示意图

Figure 3. Schematic of spot position offset on CCD surface

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图 4 实际激光波前示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of real laser wavefront

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图 5 DWS测角原理图。其中Beam 1为本地激光，Beam 2为传播激光，α为光束夹角

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of angle-measuring principle for DWS. Beam 1 represents the local beam, Beam 2 represents the propagating beam and α represents the included angle

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图 6 两光束均入射到QPD中心时由DWS技术引入的角度测量误差与入射光束偏角关系图

Figure 6. Relationship between the measurement error induced by the DWS and angular offset when both beams vertically enter the QPD center

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表 1 矫正过程不确定区域的误差预算

Table 1. Error budget of uncertain areas in correction process

误差项	平面内误差/μrad	平面外误差/μrad
STR与卫星矫正误差	50	50
望远镜与卫星矫正误差	50	50
望远镜与望远镜指向驱动器矫正误差	25	25
望远镜指向驱动器绝对位置误差	0.5	0
飞船姿态的长期项漂移	30	30
望远镜平面内指向角相对飞船的长期项漂移	0.01	0
总计(线性和)	155.5	155

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表 2 CCD捕获过程不确定区域的误差预算

Table 2. Error budget of uncertain area in CCD acquisition process

误差项	误差值/μrad
导航误差	11.9
望远镜视线矫正残余误差	5
视线与输出光束角度误差	1
卫星姿态长期项漂移	5
望远镜平面内指向角相对飞船的长期项漂移	1
总计(线性和)	23.9

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表 3 QPD捕获过程不确定区域的误差预算

Table 3. Error budget of uncertain area in QPD acquisition process

误差项	误差值/μrad
CCD捕获精度	0.04
卫星姿态与望远镜平面内指向角短期项抖动	0.1
QPD与CCD位置矫正偏差	1
总计(线性和)	1.14

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表 4 太极计划各级指向探测器要求

Table 4. Performance requirements of point sensors at various levels in Taiji program

	STR	CCD	QPD
视场	0.35 rad	200 μrad	1.5 μrad
精度	5 μrad (RMS 3σ)	40 nrad (RMS 3σ)	10 nrad/

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