Comparative study on the illumination model of fishing lamps based on point light sources and spherical light sources
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摘要: 集鱼灯是秋刀鱼等光诱渔业中重要的助渔装备，本文以秋刀鱼集鱼灯为例，分别基于点光源法和球面光源法建立了单灯箱理论照度模型。比较平面照度的理论值和实测值发现，基于球面光源法计算的理论值和实测值间线性拟合斜率系数较点光源法更接近于1。基于球面光源法计算的理论值与实测值间无显著差异（P>0.05），而由点光源法计算的理论值与实测值间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05），说明基于球面光源法建立的照度模型更加符合实际情况。根据球面光源模型分别计算了白、红单灯箱在45°、60°、75°倾角下的照度分布，结果发现照度值均随距离增加呈先增大后减小趋势；同倾角不同灯色间照度分布差别较大，相同位置处白灯箱照度明显高于红灯箱；同灯色不同倾角间照度分布差别较小；随倾角增加，最大照度值位置到原点距离逐渐减小；照度衰减速率的绝对值随距离增加呈现先减小后增大再减小的趋势，最终趋近于0。Abstract: Fishing lamps are an important piece of equipment in light fishing, such as the fishing of Pacific Saury. In this paper, a lamp for fishing saury was used as an example to establish a theoretical model of illumination for single light boxes using the point source method and the spherical source method, respectively. It was found by comparing the theoretical values and measured values of plane illuminance that the linear fitting slope coefficient using the spherical source method was closer to 1 than that using the point source method. There was no significant difference between the calculated theoretical value based on spherical light source method and its measured value(P>0.05). However, a significant difference was found between the theoretical value obtained by the point light source method and its measured value(P < 0.05), indicating that the illuminance model using the spherical light source method was more consistent with its actual illumination. The illuminance distributions of white and red single light box at 45°, 60° and 75° angles of inclination were calculated according to the spherical light source model. The results showed that the illuminance value increased at first and then decreased with an increase in distance, and that the illuminance distribution of different lamp colors at the same angle were quite different. The illuminance value of a white light box was obviously higher than that of red light box at the same position, but the illuminance distribution of the same lamp color at different angles were less different. The distance from the maximum illuminance value to its origin gradually decreased as the angle increased. The decay rate of illumination decreased first, then increased and then decreased again with an increase in distance, before it finally approached 0.
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图 3 单灯箱对地面任意Q点照度计算
Figure 3. Illuminance calculation of single light box to any point Q on the ground
图 5 灯箱内同排任意相邻2灯泡球心位置关系
Figure 5. Positional relationship of any adjacent two bulbs in the same row in the light box
图 6 球面上微元P及有效发光区域
Figure 6. Micro-element P and effectively lighting area on spherical surface
图 7 白、红灯箱在不同倾角下点光源法和球面光源法的理论值与实测值比较
Figure 7. Comparison of theoretical and measured values between point light source method and spherical light source method for white and red light boxes at different angles
图 8 白、红灯箱在60°倾角下各实验站位对应点光源法和球面光源法理论值与实测值比较
Figure 8. Comparison of theoretical and measured values obtained by the point source method and spherical light source method on each measuring station for white and red light boxes at 60° angle
图 9 白、红灯箱在不同倾角下地面照度分布及y=0 m、y=-10 m处照度随距离变化(依次对应曲线m、n)
Figure 9. Illuminance distribution of white and red light boxes at different inclination angles and illuminances vary with distance at y=0 m, y=-10 m(corresponding to curve m and n in turn)
图 10 白、红灯箱在不同倾角下y=0 m处照度随距离变化情况
Figure 10. Variation of illuminance with distance at y=0 m for white and red light boxes at different angles
图 11 白、红灯箱在不同倾角下y=0 m处照度衰减率随距离变化
Figure 11. Variation of illumination attenuation with distance at y=0 m for white and red light boxes at different angles
表 1 白、红灯箱内白灯泡和红灯泡实际功率及发光效率情况
Table 1. Actual powers and luminous efficiencies of white and red bulbs in white and red light boxes
白灯泡 红灯泡 实际功率/W 发光效率/(lm·W-1) 实际功率/W 发光效率/(lm·W-1) 最小值 437.85 11.91 491.35 1.35 最大值 455.75 12.39 511.45 1.41 平均值 446.8 12.15 501.4 1.38 标准差 4.59 0.14 4.88 0.02 
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表 2 白、红灯箱在不同倾角下点光源和球面光源模型理论值与实测值间方差检验
Table 2. Variance test of theoretical and measured values between point light source and spherical light source for white and red light box at different angles
点光源法 球面光源法 45° 60° 75° 45° 60° 75° 白灯箱 F值 65.522a 67.024 a 15.540 a 0.740 b 0.539 b 0.001 b P值 4.923×10-15 2.500×10-5 0.000 2 0.390 0.463 0.972 红灯箱 F值 39.064 a 37.010 a 8.725 a 1.165 b 2.526 b 1.073 b P值 9.148×10-10 2.424×10-9 0.004 0.281 0.113 0.302 注:显著水平为0.05时, F(α=0.05)=3.926. F值上标a表示理论值与实测值存在显著性差异(P < 0.05), b表示二者间无显著性差异(P > 0.05).
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表 3 白、红灯箱在不同倾角下实测值与点光源和球面光源模型理论值均值及标准差(x±SD)比较
Table 3. Comparison of mean value and standard deviation (x±SD) among measured value and theoretical value obtained by point light source and spherical light source models for white and red light boxes at different angles
白灯箱照度值/lx 红灯箱照度值/lx 45° 60° 75° 45° 60° 75° MV 221.00±208.02 215.27±196.97 193.30±172.52 23.85±24.32 22.60±22.04 21.12±19.09 PV 102.47±86.86 100.92±87.36 96.81± 85.88 13.02±11.07 12.86±11.13 12.51±10.97 SV 205.83±174.71 202.71±175.71 194.44±172.74 26.15±22.26 25.84±22.40 25.12±22.06 注:第1列中MV表示实测值, PV表示点光源法理论值, SV表示球面光源法理论值.
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