平板显示技术比较及研究进展

李继军; 聂晓梦; 李根生; 王安祥; 张伟光; 郎风超; 杨连祥

doi:10.3788/CO.20181105.0695

平板显示技术比较及研究进展

doi: 10.3788/CO.20181105.0695

1.
内蒙古工业大学理学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010051
2.
西安工程大学理学院, 陕西西安 710048
3.
北京信息科技大学仪器科学与光电工程学院, 北京 1001922
4.
美国奥克兰大学机械工程系, 美国罗切斯特 48309

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 11562016

国家自然科学基金 11762013

国家自然科学基金 11672045

内蒙古自然科学基金 2018MS01013

国家留学基金项目 20145049

陕西省自然科学基金 2016JM1018

陕西省教育厅科研项目 16JK1327

内蒙古工业大学科研项目 16JK1327

详细信息

作者简介:
李继军(1977-), 男, 内蒙古呼和浩特人, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事主要从事光学测试技术方面的研究。E-mail:ji_jun_li@163.com

中图分类号: TN27;TN873
计量
- 文章访问数: 5640
- HTML全文浏览量: 2062
- PDF下载量: 702
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-03-05
- 修回日期: 2018-04-09
- 刊出日期: 2018-10-01

Comparison and research progress of flat panel display technology

1.
College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
2.
School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
3.
College of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics engineering, Beijing Information science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
4.
Department of mechanical engineering, Oakland University, Rochester 48309, USA

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 11562016

National Natural Science Foundation of China 11762013

National Natural Science Foundation of China 11672045

Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 2018MS01013

Foundation of China Scholarship Council 20145049

National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province 2016JM1018

Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Education Department 16JK1327

Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia University of Technology 16JK1327

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Ji-jun, E-mail:ji_jun_li@163.com

摘要

摘要: 平板显示因具有体积小、重量轻、功耗低、画质好等优点，已被广泛应用于电子仪表显示、车载显示、数码相机、智能手机、个人电脑、电视产品等领域之中。本文介绍了薄膜晶体管液晶显示（Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display，TFT-LCD）、有机发光二极管Organic Light Emitting Diode（OLED）显示、量子点发光二极管Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode（QLED）显示及微发光二极管（Micro-LED）显示这几种平板显示技术的结构及原理。从结构、材料、性能、应用几方面对这几种平板显示技术进行了比较。最后给出了这几种平板显示技术的最新研究进展。LCD显示经过多年发展，技术成熟，成本低廉，仍然在显示市场占据主流地位。OLED显示技术摆脱了传统LCD的背光源，开创了自发光显示的未来发展方向。在相当一段时期内，LCD和OLED仍将会共存于市场中，相互竞争和补充。QLED显示和Micro-LED显示这两种显示技术，在理论上较OLED显示具有更好的颜色表现、更长的工作寿命等优势，具有非常广阔的发展前景，将为未来显示行业提供更多更好的选择。
- 平板显示技术 /
- LCD /
- OLED显示 /
- QLED显示 /
- Micro-LED显示
Abstract: Flat panel display has been widely used in electronic instrument display, car display, digital camera, smart phone, personal computer, TV products, etc. due to its small size, light weight, low power consumption and good picture quality. In this paper, we introduce the structure and principle of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD), organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED) display and micro light-emitting diode (Micro-LED). These flat panel display technologies are compared in terms of structure, material, performance and application. Finally, the latest research progress of these kinds of flat panel display technologies is given. After years of development, LCD display still has a dominant position in the display market due to its maturity and low cost. OLED display technology has got rid of the backlight of traditional LCD, and has opened up the future development direction of self-luminous display. For a considerable period of time, LCDs and OLEDs will still coexist in the market, competing and complementing each other. QLED display and Micro-LED display, in theory, QLED display and Micro-LED display have better color performance and longer working life than OLED display, and have very broad development prospects, which will provide more and better choices for the future display industry.
- flat panel display technologies /
- LCD /
- OLED display /
- QLED display /
- micro-LED display

HTML全文

图 1 TFT-LCD的基本结构

Figure 1. Basic structure of TFT-LCD0

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 AMOLED显示的基本结构

Figure 2. Basic structure of OLED display

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 QOLED显示的基本结构

Figure 3. Basic structure of QLED display

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 Micro-LED显示的基本结构

Figure 4. Basic structure of Micro-LED display

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同平板显示的结构及材料比较

Table 1. Comparison of structures and materials among the different flat panel display technologies

	LCD显示	OLED显示	QLED显示	Micro-LED显示
背光模组	需要	不需要	不需要	不需要
液晶材料	需要	不需要	不需要	不需要
发光层	背光源发光	有机发光材料	量子点发光材料	微型LED灯珠
基板	玻璃基板	玻璃/塑料基板	玻璃/塑料基板	玻璃/塑料基板
驱动背板	a-Si/LTPS	LTPS	LTPS/IGZO	LTPS/IGZO
彩色滤光片	需要	视技术路线	不需要	不需要
偏光板	2层偏光板	1层偏光板	不需要	1层偏光板

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同平板显示的性能比较

Table 2. Comparison of performance among the different flat panel display technologies

	LCD显示	OLED显示	QLED显示	Micro-LED显示
对比度	5 000:1	∞	∞	∞
可视角	≤160°×90°	180°×180°	180°×180°	180°×180°
响应时间	ms	μs	ns	ns
解析度	低	中等	高	高
亮度	低	中	高	高
色域	70%NTSC	110%NTSC	140%NTSC	＞120%NTSC
厚度/mm	≥2.5	≤1.5	≤1.5	≤1.5
寿命/万小时	7	5	10	10
功耗	高	中等	低	低
成本	低	中等	低	高
工作温度范围	窄	宽	宽	宽
柔性显示	难	容易	容易	难

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同平板显示的主要应用领域比较

Table 3. Comparison of application fields among the different flat panel display technologies

	LCD显示	OLED显示	QLED显示	Micro-LED显示
微显示(＜1英寸)(可穿戴设备等)		√	可用	可用
小屏(1~10英寸)(手机、Pad、车载显示等)	√	√	可用	可用
中屏(10~32英寸)(个人电脑等)	√	√	可用	可用
大屏(32~80英寸)(家用电视等)	√	√	可用	可用
超大屏(＞80英寸)(家庭影院、室内外公共显示等)	√	√	可用	可用

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(67)

[1]	见帅敏, 解洋, 夏高飞, 等.TFT-LCD边角漏光不良机理分析及改善研究[J].液晶与显示, 2017, 32(6):455-460. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yjyxs201706006 XIAN S M, XIE Y, XIA G F, et al.. Analysis and improvement of TFT-LCD edge light-leaking mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2017, 32(6):455-460.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yjyxs201706006
[2]	KALANTAR K. Switching directional BLUs for full-resolution auto-stereoscopic 3D/2D and 2D/3D LCDs[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2017, 25(4):266-276. doi: 10.1002/jsid.v25.4
[3]	LEE S H, JEON D H, KIM J M, et al.. Line-time optimization technology for ultra-large and high-resolution liquid crystal displays[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2017, 25(6):374-383. doi: 10.1002/jsid.v25.6
[4]	CHOI Y S, YUN J U, PARK S E. Flat panel display glass:Current status and future[J]. Journal of Non-crystalline Solid, 2016, 431:2-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.05.007
[5]	吕国强, 梁监天, 芦云龙, 等.显示器的实时色彩管理[J].光学精密工程, 2016, 24(2):292-299. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxjmgc201602007 LÜ G Q, LIANG J T, LU Y L, et al.. Real-time color management for displays[J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 2016, 24(2):292-299.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxjmgc201602007
[6]	冯奇斌, 尹慧娟, 李亚妮, 等.用于机载液晶显示的四基色发光二极管背光源[J].光学精密工程, 2015, 23(9):2459-2465. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxjmgc201509005 FENG Q B, YIN H J, LI Y N, et al.. 4-primary-color-based LED backlight for aircraft cockpit LCD[J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 2015, 23(9):2459-2465.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxjmgc201509005
[7]	丁柏秀, 郑喜凤, 陈宇, 等.发光二极管显示屏CCD图像的修正[J].光学精密工程, 2013, 21(5):1318-1325. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxjmgc201305031 DING B X, ZHENG X F, CHEN Y U, et al.. Revision of LED display images acquired by CCD camera[J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 2013, 21(5):1318-1325.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxjmgc201305031
[8]	陈俊, 王青松.基于OLED显示单元的红外上转换器件研究进展[J].中国光学, 2015, 8(1):17-27. http://www.chineseoptics.net.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9215.shtml CHEN J, WANG Q S. Recent progress of infrared upconversion device based on the integration of OLED[J]. Chinese Optics, 2015, 8(1):17-27.(in Chinese) http://www.chineseoptics.net.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9215.shtml
[9]	蓝露华, 陶洪, 李美灵, 等.有机发光二极管光取出技术进展[J].物理化学学报, 2017, 33(8):1548-1572. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/wlhxxb201708011 LAN L H, TAO H, LI M L, et al.. Progress of light extraction technology for organic light-emitting diodes[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2017, 33(8):1548-1572.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/wlhxxb201708011
[10]	LEE S M, KWON J H, KWON S, et al.. A Review of flexible OLEDs toward highly durable unusual displays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2017, 64(5):1922-1931. doi: 10.1109/TED.2017.2647964
[11]	KIRCHNER E, VAN DER LANS I, PERALES E, et al.. Improving color reproduction accuracy of an OLED-based mobile display[J]. Color Research and Application, 2018, 43(1):34-46. doi: 10.1002/col.v43.1
[12]	MIZUKAMI M, CHO S I, WATANABE K, et al.. Flexible organic light-emitting diode displays driven by inkjet-printed high-mobility organic thin-film Transistors[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2018, 39(1):39-42. doi: 10.1109/LED.2017.2776296
[13]	RYU S Y, BAEK D H, LIM H W, et al.. A 13-bit universal column driver for various displays of OLED and LCD[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2016, 24(5):277-285. doi: 10.1002/jsid.437
[14]	宋志成, 刘代明, 刘卫东, 等.QLED研究及显示应用进展[J].材料导报, 2017, 31(10):122-128. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cldb201719017 SONG ZH CH, LIU D Y, LIU W D, et al.. Review on QLED and its applications in display[J]. Materials Review, 2017, 31(10):122-128.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cldb201719017
[15]	HAN C Y, YANG H. Development of colloidal quantum dots for electrically driven light-emitting devices[J]. Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 2017, 54(6):449-469. doi: 10.4191/kcers.2017.54.6.03
[16]	HAMES B C, MORA-SERO I, SANCHEZ R S. Device performance and light characteristics stability of quantum-dot-based white-light-emitting diodes[J]. Nano Research, 2018, 11(3):1575-1588. doi: 10.1007/s12274-017-1773-2
[17]	KIM J, SHIM H J, YANG J, et al.. Ultrathin quantum dot display integrated with wearable electronics[J]. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(38):1700217. doi: 10.1002/adma.201700217
[18]	PENG D, ZHANG K, LIU Z. Design and fabrication of fine-pitch pixelated-addressed Micro-LED arrays on printed circuit board for display and communication applications[J]. IEEE Journal of Electron Device Society, 2017, 5(1):90-94. doi: 10.1109/JEDS.2016.2631220
[19]	ZHANG K, PENG D, LAU K M, et al.. Fully-integrated active matrix programmable UV and blue micro-LED display system-on-panel(SoP)[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2017, 25(4):240-248. doi: 10.1002/jsid.v25.4
[20]	COK R S, MEITL M, ROTZOLL R, et al.. Inorganic light-emitting diode displays using micro-transfer printing[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2017, 25(10):589-609. doi: 10.1002/jsid.610
[21]	KANG C M, KONG D J, SHIM J P, et al.. Fabrication of a vertically-stacked passive-matrix micro-LED array structure for a dual color display[J]. Optics Express, 2017, 25(3):2489-2495. doi: 10.1364/OE.25.002489
[22]	高鸿锦, 董友梅.液晶与平板显示技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2007. GAO H J, DONG Y M. LCD and Panel Display Technology[M]. Beijing:Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press, 2007.(in Chinese)
[23]	于军胜, 田朝勇.OLED显示基础及产业化[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社, 2015. YU J SH, TIAN CH Y. Fundamentals and Industrialization of OLED Display[M]. Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology Press, 2015.(in Chinese)
[24]	高慧.量子点电致发光器件结构及其电学特性研究[D].北京: 北京信息科技大学, 2015. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=degree&id=Y2878004 GAO H. Study on structure and electrical properties of Quantum Dots Light-emitting Diodes[D]. Beijing: Beijing Information Science and Technology University, 2015.(in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=degree&id=Y2878004
[25]	LEE V W, TWU N, KYMISSIS I. Micro-LED technologies and applications[J]. Information Display, 2016, 32(6):16-23. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLHY/NSTL_HYCC0214806888/
[26]	KANG Y Y, SONG Z C, JIANG X F, et al.. Quantum dots for wide color gamut displays from photoluminescence to electroluminescence[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2017, 129(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s11671-017-1907-1
[27]	黄佳敏, 陈恩果, 郭太良.量子点背光源白平衡特性的研究[J].液晶与显示, 2017, 33(2):77-83. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yjyxs201702001 HUANG J M, CHEN E G, GUO T L. White-balance characteristic of quantum-dot backlight[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2017, 33(2):77-83.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yjyxs201702001
[28]	侯艳, 任博, 秦璐, 等.量子点荧光材料在照明和显示领域的研究进展[J].材料导报, 2016, 30(15):30-38. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cldb201615005 HOU Y, REN B, QIN L, et al.. Review on the applications of quantum dots phosphor in illumination and display[J]. Materials Review, 2016, 30(15):30-38.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cldb201615005
[29]	季洪雷, 周青超, 潘俊, 等.量子点液晶显示背光技术[J].中国光学, 2017, 10(5):666-680. http://www.chineseoptics.net.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9531.shtml JI H L, ZHOU Q CH, PAN J, et al.. Advances and prospects in quantum dots based backlights[J]. Chinese Optics, 2017, 10(5):666-680.(in Chinese) http://www.chineseoptics.net.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9531.shtml
[30]	顾宝, 盛欣, 叶志成.量子点应用于液晶显示背光的研究[J].激光与光电子学进展, 2015, 52(2):222-228. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JGDJ201502030.htm GU B, SHENG X, YE ZH CH. Research on quantum dot apply to LCD backlight[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2015, 52(2):222-228.(in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JGDJ201502030.htm
[31]	NANOSYS. Printed quantum dot display breakthrough makes tomorrows low-cost ultra thin and flexible displays possible[EB/OL].[2017-12-04], http://www.nanosysinc.com/press-releases-archive/2017/12/4/printed-quantum-dot-display-breakthrough-makes-tomorrows-low-cost-ultra-thin-and-flexible-displays-possible.
[32]	ZHANG F, ZHONG H, CHEN C, et al.. Brightly luminescent and color-tunable colloidal CH₃NH₃PbX₃(X=Br, I, Cl) quantum dots:potential alternatives for display technology[J]. ACS Nano, 2015, 9(4):4533-4542. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01154
[33]	HUANG H, ZHAO F, LIU L, et al.. Emulsion synthesis of size-tunable CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ quantum dots:an alternative route toward efficient light-emitting diodes[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(51):28128. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b10373
[34]	BAI Z, ZHONG H. Halide perovskite quantum dots:potential candidates for display technology[J]. Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(18):1622-1624. doi: 10.1007/s11434-015-0884-y
[35]	ZHOU Q, BAI Z, LU W G, et al.. In situ fabrication of halide perovskite nanocrystal-embedded polymer composite films with enhanced photoluminescence for display backlights[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(41):9163-9168. doi: 10.1002/adma.201602651
[36]	CHEN X, ZHANG F, GE Y, et al.. Centimeter-sized Cs₄PbBr₆ crystals with embedded CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals showing superior photoluminescence:nonstoichiometry induced transformation and light-emitting applications[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018:1706567. http://www.x-mol.com/paper/572379
[37]	LG Display. LG Display to Unveil Latest Cutting-edge Displays at CES 2017[EB/OL].[2017-01-04], http://www.lgdisplay.com/eng/prcenter/newsView?articleMgtNo=5050.
[38]	色彩再度升级, 创维Q7纯色技术引领行业[EB/OL].[2017-05-12], http://science.china.com.cn/2017-05/12/content_9480096.htm. IPS Nano Color technology of skyworth's Q7 upgrades the color again leads the industry[EB/OL].[2017-05-12], http://science.china.com.cn/2017-05/12/content_9480096.htm. (in Chinese)
[39]	HUANG Y, CHEN H, TAN G., et al.. Optimized blue-phase liquid crystal for field sequential-color displays[J]. Opt. Mater. Express, 2017, 7(2):641-650. doi: 10.1364/OME.7.000641
[40]	LEE H, PARK H J, KWON O J, et al.. The world's first blue phase liquid crystal display[J]. SID Int. Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap., 2011, 42(1):121-124. doi: 10.1889/1.3621051
[41]	TSAI C Y, YU F C, LAN Y F, et al.. A novel blue phase liquid crystal display applying wall-electrode and high driving voltage circuit[J]. SID Int. Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap., 2015, 46(1):542-544. doi: 10.1002/sdtp.10466
[42]	OBONAI Y, SHIBATA Y, ISHINABE T, et al.. Flexible ultra-thin liquid crystal devices using coat-debond polyimide substrates and etched post spacers[J]. IEICE Transactions on Electronics, 2016, E99.C(11):1228-1233. doi: 10.1587/transele.E99.C.1228
[43]	FlexEnable Ltd. FlexEnable s new 12.1" plastic LCD platform delivers large area flexible displays for next generation product designs[EB/OL].[2016-12-13], http://www.flexenable.com/newsroom/technology-news/new-plastic-lcd-platform-delivers-large-area-flexible-displays/.
[44]	FlexEnable Ltd. Truly and FlexEnable sign License Agreement to bring low-cost, scalable flexible display production to China[EB/OL].[2017-07-31], http://www.flexenable.com/newsroom/business-news/truly-and-flexenable-sign-license-agreement-for-flexible-display-production/.
[45]	Japan Display Inc.. Japan Display Inc. Announces Development of "FULL ACTIVETM FLEX"[EB/OL].[2017-01-25], http://www.j-display.com/english/news/2017/20170125.html.
[46]	LG Display. LG Display Introduces latest cutting-edge displays at CES 2018[EB/OL].[2018-01-07], http://www.lgdisplay.com/eng/prcenter/newsView?articleMgtNo=5118.
[47]	京东方.BOE柔性AMOLED显示技术[EB/OL].[2018-11-09], http://www.boe.com/cxkj/boecx/boecxxqy/dynamic/pcbbd1030.html. BOE. Flexible AMOLED display technology of BOE[EB/OL].[2018-11-09], http://www.boe.com/cxkj/boecx/boecxxqy/dynamic/pcbbd1030.html. (in Chinese)
[48]	Visionox. Focus on "ICE", flexible display will start a "Ubiquitous Screen" era, said Dr. Zhang from Visionox[EB/OL].[2017-12-03], http://www.visionox.com/en/news/show-1169.html.
[49]	Visionox. Visionox international standard issued[EB/OL].[2017-10-31], http://www.visionox.com/news/show-1145.html.
[50]	BOE.China's first flexible AMOLED production line has been put into mass production[EB/OL].[2017-10-26], http://www.boe.com/en/news/mtsj/mtsjxqy/dynamic/penmmd823.html.
[51]	The future is here: iPhone X[EB/OL].[2017-09-12], https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/09/the-future-is-here-iphone-x/.
[52]	创维集团.创维OLED惊艳亮相CES2018, 自主核心科技引领世界潮流[EB/OL].[2018-01-19], http://www.skyworth.com/news/news/5684. Skyworth OLED stuns in CES2018, and its key technology has leads the world[EB/OL].[2018-01-19], http://www.skyworth.com/news/news/5684.(in Chinese)
[53]	LG Display. LG Display Unveils World's First 88-inch 8K OLED Display[EB/OL].[2018-01-01], http://www.lgdisplay.com/eng/prcenter/newsView?articleMgtNo=5116.
[54]	LG Display Co., Ltd.. LG Display广州塔OLED新视界[EB/OL].[2017-12-13], http://www.lgdisplay.com/chn/prcenter/prMovies. LG Display Co., Ltd.. China's first OLED interactive experience project at Guangzhou tower[EB/OL].[2017-12-13], http://www.lgdisplay.com/chn/prcenter/prMovies.(in Chinese)
[55]	LG. LG打造OLED"大峡谷"[EB/OL].[2018-01-17], http://www.lg.com/cn/press-release/pressrelease2018011701. LG. LG makes the OLED "Grand Canyon"[EB/OL].[2018-01-17], http://www.lg.com/cn/press-release/pressrelease2018011701.(in Chinese)
[56]	DAI X L, ZHANG Z X, JIN Y Z, et al.. Solution-processed, high-performance light-emitting diodes based on quantum dots[J]. Nature, 2014, 515(7525):96-99. doi: 10.1038/nature13829
[57]	PU C D, QIN H Y, GAO Y, et al.. Synthetic control of exciton behavior in colloidal quantum dots[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017, 139(9):3302-3311. doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b11431
[58]	DAI X L, DENG Y Z, PENG X G, et al.. Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes for large-area displays:towards the dawn of commercialization[J]. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(14):1607022. doi: 10.1002/adma.v29.14
[59]	Nanosys. Nanosys introduces hyperion^TM quantum dots to unlock displays meeting BT. 2020 color with high brightness and power efficiency[EB/OL].[2016-05-24], http://www.nanosysinc.com/press-releases-archive/2016/5/23/nanosys-introduces-hyperiontm-quantum-dots-to-unlock-displays-meeting-bt2020-color-with-high-brightness-and-power-efficiency
[60]	JIANG C B, MU L, ZOU J H, et al.. Full-color quantum dots active matrix display fabricated by ink-jet printing[J]. Science China Chemistry, 2017, 60(10):1349-1355. doi: 10.1007/s11426-017-9087-y
[61]	JIANG C B, ZHONG Z M, LIU B Q, et al.. Coffee-ring-free quantum dot thin film using inkjet printing from a mixed-solvent system on modified ZnO transport layer for light-emitting devices[J]. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 2016, 8(39):26162-26168. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b08679
[62]	BOE. BOE invents 5-inch AMQLED display[EB/OL].[2017-03-20], http://www.boe.com/en/news/gsdt/gsdtxqy/dynamic/penggd895.html.
[63]	Monocrystal Co., Ltd.. Monocrystal facilitates microLED development with its new Ultra-Clean sapphire wafers[EB/OL].[2017-04-26], http://monocrystal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2017-04-26_PR_MC_Eng_facilitates_microLED_development.pdf.
[64]	ALLOS Semiconductors. VEECO and ALLOS Demonstrate Industry-leading 200 mm GaN-on-Si Performance to enable Micro-LED Adoption[EB/OL].[2017-11-01].http://www.allos-semiconductors.com/news/en/veeco-allos-2017-en/.
[65]	I-micronews. Micro-LED Displays: Hype and reality, hopes and challenges[EB/OL].[2017-02-01], https://www.i-micronews.com/report/product/microled-displays.html#description.
[66]	VerLASE Technologies LLC. VerLASE Gets Patent for Breakthrough Color Conversion Technology that Enables Full Color MicroLED Arrays for Near Eye Displays[EB/OL].[2015-04-28], http://www.prweb.com/releases/2015/04/prweb12681038.htm.
[67]	Aledia. Nanowire LED Innovator Aledia Announces 30(M) Million Series-C Financing[EB/OL].[2018-01-29], http://www.aledia.com/en/news/nanowire-led-innovator-aledia-announces-30-million-euros-series-c-financing-10/.