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电磁编码超材料的理论与应用

张磊 刘硕 崔铁军

张磊, 刘硕, 崔铁军. 电磁编码超材料的理论与应用[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2017, 10(1): 1-12. doi: 10.3788/CO.20171001.0001
引用本文: 张磊, 刘硕, 崔铁军. 电磁编码超材料的理论与应用[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2017, 10(1): 1-12. doi: 10.3788/CO.20171001.0001
ZHANG Lei, LIU Shuo, CUI Tie-jun. Theory and application of coding metamaterials[J]. Chinese Optics, 2017, 10(1): 1-12. doi: 10.3788/CO.20171001.0001
Citation: ZHANG Lei, LIU Shuo, CUI Tie-jun. Theory and application of coding metamaterials[J]. Chinese Optics, 2017, 10(1): 1-12. doi: 10.3788/CO.20171001.0001

电磁编码超材料的理论与应用

doi: 10.3788/CO.20171001.0001
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金资助项目 61571117

详细信息
    作者简介:

    张磊(1992-), 男, 安徽芜湖人, 博士研究生, 2015年于西安电子科技大学获得学士学位, 主要从事透射式、反射式超材料天线方面的研究。E-mail:cheunglee@126.com

    通讯作者:

    崔铁军, E-mail:tjcui@seu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O441.4

Theory and application of coding metamaterials

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61571117

More Information
  • 摘要: 本文系统地对编码超材料、数字超材料及现场可编程超材料的新进展进行了综述,讨论其对电磁波的实时调控和构造多功能器件的能力。首先,引入1-bit编码超材料,由“0”和“1”两种编码单元构成,分别对应于相位相反的电磁响应。通过控制不同的“0”和“1”编码序列,可以调控电磁波,并实现不同功能。这种1-bit编码超材料可以扩展到2-bit,甚至更高比特。其次,介绍了一种由开关二极管来控制的数字编码超材料,每个编码单元可通过二极管的开和关来获得不同的相位响应,进而获得不同的数字态。结合现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)控制系统,实现了对数字超材料的实时可编程设计,构造出现场可编程超材料。最后,研究了编码超材料对太赫兹波的调控,包括太赫兹波宽带漫散射及其对目标雷达散射截面(RCS)的缩减、各向异性编码超材料对太赫兹波的极化调控和波束调控等。数值仿真和实验测试结果吻合很好,验证了编码超材料的出色性能,展示了编码超材料调控电磁波的多功能性。编码超材料对微波及太赫兹波的实时控制可用于制作波束分离、波束偏折、极化转换等功能器件,也可在宽带范围内有效缩减目标RCS。

     

  • 图 1  1-bit编码超表面[40]

    Figure 1.  Illustration of the 1-bit coding metasurface[40]

    图 2  编码序列“010101…/010101…”和“010101…/101010…”下1-bit编码超表的远场方向图[40]

    Figure 2.  Full-wave simulated scattering patterns of 1-bit periodic coding metasurfaces with coding sequences "010101…/010101…" and "010101…/101010…"[40]

    图 3  数字超表面的基本单元

    Figure 3.  Metamaterials particle for realizing the digital metasurface

    图 4  由FPGA控制实现可编程超表面的流程图

    Figure 4.  A flow diagram for realizing a programmable metasurface controlled by the FPGA hardware

    图 5  不同编码序列下可编程超表面的散射方向图

    Figure 5.  Scattering patterns of the programmalbe metasurface under different coding squences

    图 6  编码超表面及闽科夫斯基单元[46]

    Figure 6.  Coding metasurface and Minkowski coding particle[46]

    图 7  1-bit、2-bit和3-bit编码的构成单元[46]

    Figure 7.  Designed 1-, 2-, and 3-bit Minkowski particles using different-scale Minkowski loops[46]

    图 8  2-bit编码超表面在1、1.4、和1.8 THz处的三维散射方向图[46]

    Figure 8.  3D scattering pattern of the 2-bit coding metasurface at 1, 1.4, and 1.8 THz[46]

    图 9  编码超表面的加工流程和样品[46]

    Figure 9.  Fabrication process and sample of the coding metasurface[46]

    图 10  实验测试系统[46]

    Figure 10.  A custom-built measurement system[46]

    图 11  垂直入射波下2-bit编码超表面散射系数的测试和仿真结果对比[46]

    Figure 11.  Measured and simulated backward scattering coefficients of the 2-bit coding metasurface in the frequency range from 0.8 to 2 THz under normal incidence[46]

    图 12  各向异性编码超材料的双功能示意图

    Figure 12.  An example to demonstrate the flexibility of the anisotropic coding metasurface

    图 13  2-bit各向异性编码超表面的16种单元结构[47]

    Figure 13.  Structure of the 16 unit cells for the 2-bit anisotropic coding metasurface[47]

    图 14  M1编码下1-bit各向异性超表面三维远场散射方向图(a)x极化(b)y极化[47]

    Figure 14.  3D far-field scattering patterns of the 1-bit anisotropic coding metasurface with coding matrix M1 (a) under the x polarization and (b) the y polarization[47]

    图 15  M1编码下2-bit各向异性超表面的三维远场散射方向图(a)x极化(b)y极化[47]

    Figure 15.  3D far-field scattering patterns of the 2-bit anisotropic coding metasurface with coding matrix M1(a) under the x polarization and (b) the y polarization[47]

    图 16  M2编码下2-bit各向异性超表面的仿真结果[47]

    Figure 16.  Simulated results of the 2-bit anisotropic coding metasurface with coding matrix M2[47]

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2016-09-14
  • 修回日期:  2016-09-27
  • 刊出日期:  2017-02-01

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