激光内通道热晕效应的快速模拟与相位畸变评估

吴东宇; 李响; 李家晟; 高亮; 宋延嵩; 王思; 董科研

doi:10.37188/CO.EN-2024-0022

激光内通道热晕效应的快速模拟与相位畸变评估

吴东宇^{1, 2,},
李响^{1, 3, ,},
李家晟³,
高亮^{1, 3},
宋延嵩^{1, 3},
王思³,
董科研^{1, 3}

1.
长春理工大学空间光电技术研究所, 吉林长春 130022
2.
长春理工大学机电工程学院, 吉林长春 130022
3.
长春理工大学光电工程学院, 吉林长春 130022

详细信息

中图分类号: TH741;
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-24
- 录用日期: 2024-11-14
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-08

Rapid simulation and phase distortion evaluation of thermal blooming effect in internal laser propagation channels

doi: 10.37188/CO.EN-2024-0022

WU Dong-yu^{1, 2
,},
LI Xiang^{1, 3
, ,},
LI Jia-sheng³,
GAO Liang^{1, 3},
SONG Yan-song^{1, 3},
WANG Si³,
DONG Ke-yan^{1, 3}

1.
Institute of Space Ophotoelectronics Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
2.
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
3.
School of OptoElectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China

Funds: Supported by Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province, China (No. 20230301002GX); Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province, China (No. 20230301001GX);

More Information

Author Bio:
WU Dong-yu (1999—), male, born in Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang Province, master candidate. He received his bachelor's degree from Anhui Polytechnic University in 2022. His research mainly focuses on the environmental adaptability analysis of optical precision instruments. E-mail: wudongyu1111@163.com

LI Xiang (1986—), male, born in Changchun, Jilin Province. Ph.D, associate researcher, and master supervisor. He received his Ph.D. from the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2015. His research mainly focuses on laser propagation, optical system structure optimization design, analysis, and environmental adaptability research. E-mail: abelfeel@163.com

Corresponding author: abelfeel@163.com

摘要

摘要:
高功率激光在内通道传播过程中，光束会在导光路径中加热传播介质产生热晕现象，影响高能激光设备出光口处光束质量；由于内通道中光路排布复杂，因此对导光路径上热晕影响的评估往往需要复杂的工作和较长的时间。为适应工程中对导光路径热晕效应快速评估的需要，本文提出一种基于有限元法的内光路热晕效应快速模拟方法。该方法对流体区域进行微元划分，利用有限元分析方法进行流场分析；对复杂内通道的流场区域建立简化分析模型，在简化模型中划分等晕区域；根据各等晕区域内光程差计算结果，完成热晕效应导致的相位畸变的数值模拟计算。将计算结果与现有方法计算结果对比，结果显示：对于复杂光路，该方法计算结果与现有方法计算结果偏差小于3.6%，相位畸变形式相近；对于L型单元，该方法计算结果与现有方法计算结果得到的主要像差影响因素和变化规律相同。利用该方法完成对直管道不同重力作用方向下的热晕影响分析，结果显示，相位畸变随重力方向变化而变化，相位变化的大小与重力在垂直于光轴方向的分量大小有很强的相关性。该方法相较于现有方法灵活性高、无需进行复杂自编分析程序调试。该方法的分析结果在工程设计阶段能够快速评估内通道导光路径中热晕效应，为确定热晕抑制方法提供重要参考。
- 高能激光 /
- 热晕效应 /
- 光束相位 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 热耦合效应 /
- 光束控制系统
Abstract:
During the propagation of high-power lasers within internal channels, the laser beam heats the propagation medium, causing the thermal blooming effect that degrades the beam quality at the output. The intricate configuration of the optical path within the internal channel necessitates complex and time-consuming efforts to assess the impact of thermal blooming effect on the optical path. To meet the engineering need for rapid evaluation of thermal blooming effect in optical paths, this study proposes a rapid simulation method for the thermal blooming effect in internal optical paths based on the finite element method. This method discretizes the fluid region into infinitesimal elements and employs finite element analysis for flow field analysis. A simplified analytical model of the flow field region in complex internal channels is established, and regions with similar thermal blooming effect are divided within this model.Based on the calculated optical path differences within these regions, numerical simulations of phase distortion caused by thermal blooming were conducted.The calculated result were compared with those obtained using existing methods. The findings reveal that for complex optical paths, the discrepancy between the two approaches is less than 3.6%, with similar phase distortion patterns observed. For L-type units,this method and existing methods identify the same primary factors influencing aberrations and exhibited consistent trends in their variation.This method was used to analyze the impact of thermal blooming effect in a straight channel under different gravity directions. The results show that phase distortion varies with changes in the direction of gravity, and the magnitude of the phase difference is strongly correlated with the component of gravity perpendicular to the optical axis. Compared to existing methods, this approach offers greater flexibility, obviates the need for complex custom analysis programming.The analytical results of this method enable a rapid assessment of the thermal blooming effect in optical paths within the internal channel. This is especially useful during the engineering design phase. These results also provide crucial references for developing strategies to suppress thermal blooming effect.
- high-power laser /
- thermal blooming effect /
- beam phase /
- numerical simulation /
- thermal coupling effect /
- beam control system

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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of point positions within the L-type light-passing region

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Figure 2. Schematic diagram of optical path equivalence

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Figure 3. Schematic diagram of computational unit division

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Figure 4. Analysis model of light propagation channel: (a) Simplified model of light propagation channel; (b) Optical path model

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Figure 5. Energy distribution diagram of the beam used in the study

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Figure 6. Meshing model of the fluid region

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Figure 7. Temperature distribution after 3 seconds of light propagation

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Figure 8. Density equivalent model calculation process diagram: (a) Initial density distribution; (b) Density distribution after 3 seconds of light propagation;(c) Density nodes of the original model; (d) Density nodes of the equivalent mode

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Figure 9. Calculation time and results with different numbers of unidirectional micro-elements

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Figure 10. Computed beam phase difference distribution

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Figure 11. Beam wavefront aberration:(a)Wavefront aberration calculated by the model;(b)Wavefront aberration calculated by the self-developed program

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Figure 12. Comparison of Zernike polynomials

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Figure 13. L-type region schematic

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Figure 14. Temperature distribution after 5 seconds

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Figure 15. Zernike coefficients from the 3rd to the 15th terms

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Figure 16. Variation of the main Zernike terms

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Figure 17. Defocus and spherical aberration changes over 5 seconds:(a)Defocus;(b)spherical aberration

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Figure 18. Gravitational force direction diagram

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Figure 19. Phase variation distribution under different $ \theta $

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Figure 20. Relationship between gravity component and phase difference

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Table 1. Medium Parameters

Parameter Type	Parameter Value
Density/（kg/m³）	1.17
Specific Heat at Constant Pressure/ (J/kg·K)	1006
Specific Heat at Constant Volume/ (J/kg·K)	718
Viscosity/(10⁻⁵Pa·s)	1.81
Thermal Conductivity/(W/(m·K)	0.0257

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Table 2. Physical Properties of Helium

Parameter Type	Parameter Value
Density/（kg/m³）	1.138
Specific Heat at Constant Pressure/ (J/kg·K)	1040.67
Viscosity/(10⁻⁵Pa·s)	1.66
Thermal Conductivity/(W/(m·K)	0.0242

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