Analysis and experimental verification of the influence of detector noise on the precision of spot center positioning
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摘要:
空间引力波探测需要利用激光捕获技术构建星间激光链路，光斑中心定位是激光捕获阶段中的核心测量技术。以太极计划为例，光斑中心定位精度要求优于0.1 pixel，并且由于传输距离较长，探测器表面的接收激光强度仅为100 pW量级，在低信噪比情况下大多数传统定位方法的精度受到很大影响，因此对探测器噪声如何影响光斑中心定位精度的研究至关重要。针对上述问题，本文首先说明了激光捕获指向技术的原理，然后理论分析了CMOS背景噪声影响光斑中心定位精度的机制，并介绍了一种改进的光斑中心定位算法。最后通过实验，测量了不同系统参数与CMOS背景噪声的耦合关系。实验结果与理论分析结果相符，验证了噪声模型的正确性，证明这种算法能在弱光情况下达到0.018 pixel的测量精度。
Abstract:The space-based gravitational wave detection need to use laser acquisition technique to construct the inter-satellite laser link, and the spot center positioning is the core technique for measurement in the laser acquisition phase. Taking the Taiji program for example, the spot center positioning precision should be less than 0.1 pixel, and the receiving laser intensity is nearly 100 pW at the detector surface due to the long-distance propagation, significantly degrading the precision of most of the conventional positioning methods under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, so it is crucial to study how detector noise affects the spot center positioning precision. To address these challenges, this study first elucidates the operational principles of laser acquisition and pointing technique, then theoretically analyze the mechanism by which the background noise of CMOS affects the spot center positioning precision and introduce an improved spot center positioning algorithm. Finally, the coupling relationship between different system parameters and the background noise of CMOS is measured through the experiment. The experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis, validating the correctness of the noise model and proving that this algorithm can achieve the measurement precision of 0.018 pixel under weak light conditions.
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图 10 光斑y方向位置与θ的关系
Figure 10. The relationship between the spot position in the y direction and the angle θ
图 11 光斑x方向位置与θ的关系
Figure 11. The relationship between the spot position in the x direction and the angle θ
图 12 上下象限DWS信号与θ1的关系以及左右象限DWS信号与θ2的关系
Figure 12. The relationship between the up and down DWS signal and the angle θ1 and the relationship between the left and right DWS signal and the angle θ2
图 14
$ \mathrm{\Delta } $ 与$ \mathrm{\Delta }{x}_{0} $ 的理论关系曲线和实验得到的$ d\mathrm{\Delta } $ 与$ d\mathrm{\Delta }{x}_{0} $ 关系数据Figure 14. The theoretical relationship curve between
$ \mathrm{\Delta } $ and$ \mathrm{\Delta }{x}_{0} $ and the relationship data between$ d\mathrm{\Delta } $ and$ d\mathrm{\Delta }{x}_{0} $ obtained from the experiment
图 15
$ \mathrm{\Delta } $ 与$ n $ 的理论关系曲线和实验数据Figure 15. The theoretical relationship curve between
$ \mathrm{\Delta } $ and$ n $ and experimental data
图 16
$ \mathrm{\Delta } $ 与$ {N}_{s} $ 的理论关系曲线和实验数据Figure 16. The theoretical relationship curve between
$ \mathrm{\Delta } $ and$ {N}_{s} $ and experimental data表 1 SH640相机基本参数表
Table 1. Basic parameters of the SH640 camera
参数 数值 分辨率（n） 640×512 pixel 暗电流电子数期望（μ） 1.5×105 e−/s@25°C 暗电流电子数标准差（σ） 4.5×103 e−/s@25°C 像元尺寸（lg） 15 μm 光电转化效率（η） 0.7 A/W@ 1064 nm
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表 2 S-330.2SL压电偏摆台基本参数表
Table 2. Basic parameters of the S-330.2SL
参数 指标 转动方向θX,θY变化范围 2 mrad 转动方向θX,θY分辨率 0.05 μrad 转动方向θX,θY重复精度，10%偏摆角 0.15 μrad 转动方向θX,θY重复精度，100%偏摆角 1.5 μrad
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