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摘要:
针对空间引力波探测中星内检验质量的高灵敏测量需求，构建了激光外差干涉测量地面模拟系统，开展皮米级平动测量技术研究。首先，开展真空环境下激光外差干涉测量系统的平动灵敏度测试。接着，根据灵敏度结果开展激光外差干涉测量系统噪声溯源研究，分析多种噪声源作用机理、探索主导噪声源消减方案。最后，在噪声溯源分析的基础上完成激光外差干涉测量系统优化。测试结果表明平动测量灵敏度优于1 pm/Hz1/2@30 mHz−1 Hz。该研究有望为空间引力波探测中皮米级激光干涉测量技术的进一步发展提供可靠的噪声溯源地面测试平台。
Abstract:To address the high sensitivity measurement requirement of the test mass’s displacement in spaceborne gravitational wave detection, a ground-based simulation system using laser heterodyne interferometry has been established, initiating research into picometer-level displacement measurement techniques. Initially, the translational sensitivity of the designed laser heterodyne interferometer is tested under vacuum conditions. Subsequently, based on the sensitivity outcomes, noise source tracing research for the laser heterodyne interferometric system is conducted, including the development of a system noise model, analysis of various noise source mechanisms, and investigation of strategies to reduce the predominant noise sources. Ultimately, upon completion of the noise source tracing, the interferometric system is optimized, with tests indicating a displacement measurement sensitivity better than 1 pm/Hz1/2 in the range of 30 mHz to 1 Hz. This paper is expected to provide a reliable ground-based test platform for noise source tracing, facilitating the advancement of picometer-level laser interferometry technologies for spaceborne gravitational wave detection.
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图 1 激光外差干涉测量光路示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of laser heterodyne interferometry optical path
图 3 DBHI平动灵敏度初步测试结果。优化前：大气环境下普通光学平台；优化后：真空环境下隔振光学平台
Figure 3. Preliminary test results of DBHI translational sensitivity. Pre-optimization: ordinary optical platform under atmospheric conditions; post-optimization: vibration-isolated optical platform under vacuum conditions
图 4 移频驱动中心频率信号频谱(200 MHz & 201 MHz)
Figure 4. Frequency spectrum of the frequency-shifted central frequency signal (200 MHz & 201 MHz)
图 6 平动灵敏度结果（移频驱动杂波噪声优化前后）
Figure 6. Translational sensitivity results (before and after frequency-shifted spurious noise optimization)
图 7 15小时平动零漂和核心光路部分温度测量时域漂移
Figure 7. Translational zero drift and temporal drift of temperature measurements in the core optical path over 15 hours
图 8 原始平动数据以及去线性漂移后平动数据的灵敏度曲线（包含温度噪声等效平动测量灵敏度）
Figure 8. Sensitivity curves for the original translational data and the translational data after linear drift removal (including temperature noise-equivalent translational measurement sensitivity)
图 9 稳频前后平动测量灵敏度对比以及激光频率噪声等效平动灵敏度
Figure 9. Comparison of translational measurement sensitivity before and after frequency stabilization and laser frequency noise-equivalent translational sensitivity
图 10 偏振优化前后DBHI干涉系统平动灵敏度测量结果
Figure 10. Comparison of DBHI translational measurement sensitivity before and after polarization optimization
图 11 相位解调模块灵敏度测试结果
Figure 11. Sensitivity test results of the phase demodulation module
图 12 杂散光产生干扰拍频信号。（a）PMHI干涉光路中的偏振漏光混叠；（b）DBHI干涉光路中的寄生反射
Figure 12. Stray light generates interference beat signals. (a) Polarization leakage in PMHI interferometric path (b) parasitic reflections in DBHI interferometric path
图 13 激光指向漂移噪声等效平动读出测量灵敏度
Figure 13. Sensitivity of equivalent translational readout measurement to laser pointing drift noise
图 14 激光强度噪声耦合示意图。（a）无干扰同频干涉信号；（b）有干扰；（c）有干扰且干扰信号振幅和相位改变
Figure 14. Schematic diagram of laser intensity noise coupling. (a) Interference signal without disturbance (b) with disturbance (c) with disturbance and changes in the amplitude and phase of the disturbance signal
图 15 DBHI干涉系统部分噪声等效平动灵敏度估计
Figure 15. Estimation of equivalent translational sensitivity of partial noise in the DBHI interferometric system
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