Pseudo-random code selection for inter-satellite laser ranging and data communication in the Taiji program
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摘要:
太极计划拟通过扩频通信技术，在干涉链路的基础上，实现星间的激光通信和绝对距离测量。伪随机码的选取是设计实现通信测距系统的第一步，需对不同的伪随机码实现原理、相关性、测距误差函数等方面进行研究对比。本文首先介绍了m序列、Gold序列与Weil序列的生成原理，并采用不同的硬件结构和方法生成相应的伪随机序列，采用GPS的C/A码作为Gold序列与Weil序列进行比较分析选取。在FPGA开发平台实现生成Gold序列和Weil序列的硬件电路，分析不同硬件实现方法的优劣与资源消耗情况。后分别计算Gold序列与Weil序列的相关值及其均方根误差，比较Gold序列与Weil序列的伪随机噪声性能。最后，基于测距的原理和激光干涉后的码间串扰现象，构建用于测距的误差函数，与理想的误差函数作对比，分析用不同伪随机码测距的优劣。数据表明：Weil序列的相关值的旁瓣值范围为−60.27 dB至−24.01 dB、自相关rms为0.303、互相关rms为0.307，指标均优于Gold序列，消耗的硬件资源为Gold序列的30%，误差函数的偏差值更小。Weil序列更适合于太极计划的星间通信测距需求。
Abstract:The Taiji program aims to achieve inter-satellite laser communication and absolute distance measurement using spread spectrum phase modulation technology based on the interferometric laser link. The selection of pseudo-random codes is the initial step in the design and implementation of the ranging and communication system, which requires comprehensive research and comparison of various aspects, including the implementation principles, correlation properties, and ranging error functions associated with different pseudo-random codes. This paper first elucidates the generation principles of m-sequences, Gold sequences, and Weil sequences. Pseudo-random sequences are generated using different hardware structures such as Fibonacci, Galois, and register addressing. The hardware circuits for Gold and Weil sequence generation are implemented on an FPGA development platform. The GPS C/A code is used as the Gold sequence, which facilitates its comparison and analysis with the Weil sequence. An analysis of the resource consumption and complexity of different hardware implementation methods is performed. Then, correlation values and root mean square errors are calculated to compare the pseudorandom noise performance of the Gold and Weil sequences. Finally, an error function for ranging is constructed based on the ranging principles and the intersymbol interference phenomenon after laser interference. This function is then compared with the ideal error function to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using different pseudorandom codes for ranging. The analysis reveals that Weil sequences demonstrate superior performance, exhibiting a sidelobe range of −60.27 dB to −24.01 dB, an autocorrelation rms of 0.303, and a cross-correlation rms of 0.307, outperforming Gold sequences in all metrics. Additionally, Weil sequences require only 30% of the hardware resources of Gold sequences and have a smaller error function deviation. Weil sequences are better suited to the laser ranging and data communication requirements of the Taiji program.
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表 1 相关值与均方根
Table 1. Correlation value and rms
码型 自相关值(dB) 自相关rms 互相关值(dB) 互相关rms Gold −60.20~−23.94 0.323 −60.20~−23.94 0.312 Weil −60.27~−24.01 0.303 −60.27~−24.01 0.307 
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