Research on visible polarized reflection of target material surface based on improved Blinn masking function
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摘要:
为了研究典型目标材料表面的可见光偏振反射特性，本文针对传统“V”型表面结构缺陷，引入改进Blinn型阴影遮蔽函数，综合考虑镜面反射、漫反射和体散射的影响，建立了典型目标材料表面偏振六参量二向反射分布函数模型。对不同材料（聚丙烯塑料板、99氧化铝陶瓷板、铁板、绿漆铝板）目标样板进行可见光600 nm波段的偏振特性测试实验，并采用遗传算法进行参数反演。实验与仿真结果表明：与传统“V”型遮蔽模型相比，在入射角为50°，相对方位角为180°，0°～60°观测角对目标材料表面偏振特性的影响中，聚丙烯塑料板模型精度提升最大，RMSE百分比提升了70.61%；在入射角为50°，观测角为50°，DoLP随90°～270°相对方位角变化的过程中，与另两种参考模型相比，本模型精度至少提升了24.73%个百分点，线偏振度最小均方根误差值仅为1.29%。对于本文材料而言，偏振特性取决于其复折射率的值，当入射角确定，观测角为0°～60°，相对方位角在0°～360°内时，
n /k 比值越大，线偏振度峰值越大。在可见光波段，波长对线偏振度的影响不大。-
关键词:
- 偏振特性 /
- 材料表面 /
- 可见光波段 /
- 遮蔽函数 /
- 偏振二向反射分布函数
Abstract:To study the visible light polarization reflection characteristics of typical terrain target materials, an improved Blinn type shadow masking function is introduced according to traditional "V" surface structural defects. Additionally, the effects of mirror reflection, diffuse reflection, and volume scattering are comprehensively considered. A six-parameter two-dimensional reflection distribution function model for typical terrain target materials is established. Testing of polarization characteristics is conducted on target samples with different materials (polypropylene plastic sheet, 99 alumina ceramic sheet, iron sheet, green painted aluminum sheet) in the visible light 600 nm wavelength band. A genetic algorithm for parameter inversion is used. The experimental and simulation results show that compared with the traditional "V" shielding model, the polypropylene plastic plate model has the highest accuracy improvement and a 70.61% increase in RMSE percentage in the impact of observation angles on the polarization characteristics of the target material surface at an incidence angle of 50°, relative azimuth angle of 180°, and 0° to 60°. Compared with the two reference models, the DoLP model shows a significant improvement in accuracy at an incidence angle of 50°, observation angle of 50°, and relative azimuth angle of 90° to 270°. The model accuracy has improved by at least 24.73 percentage points. The minimum root mean square error of linear polarization is only 1.29%. For the material in this article, the polarization characteristics depend on the value of its complex refractive index. When the incident angle is determined, the observation angle is between 0° and 60°, and the relative azimuth angle is between 0° and 360°. The larger the
n /k ratio, the higher the peak of the linear polarization degree. In the visible light band, the wavelength has little effect on the degree of linear polarization. -
图 2 典型目标材料表面的光反射过程
Figure 2. Light reflection process on the surface of typical target materials
图 3 改进Blinn型遮蔽函数原理图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of improved Blinn type masking function
图 6 入射角为50°时，观测角对不同材料DoLP的影响
Figure 6. The effect of view angle on DoLP of different materials when the incident angle is 50°
图 7 不同入射角下典型目标表面材料在2
${\text{π}} $ 空间内的DoLP分布Figure 7. DoLP distribution of typical target surface materials in 2
${\text{π}} $ under different incident angles
图 8 不同入射角下目标表面材料仿真值与实测值对比
Figure 8. Comparison between simulated and measured values of target surface materials at different incidence angles
图 9 观测角与相对方位角对不同材料DoLP影响
Figure 9. Effect of observation angle and relative azimuth on DoLP of different materials
图 10 入射角为50°、观测角为50°下，DoLP随相对方位角的变化曲线
Figure 10. DoLP variation curves with relative azimuth at an incident angle of 50° and an observation angle of 50°
图 11 不同目标材料波长与线偏振度的关系曲线
Figure 11. Relationship curves between wavelength and degree of linear polarization of different target materials
表 1 不同目标材料参数的反演结果
Table 1. Inversion results of different target material parameters
样品 参数 $ m$ $ k $ $ \sigma $ $ c $ ${\rho _0}$ ${R_\infty }$ 聚丙烯塑料板 1.471 0.698 0.325 0.552 0.517 0.6643 99氧化铝陶瓷板 1.713 0.596 0.283 0.732 0.4885 0.467 铁板 2.836 3.277 0.3612 0.485 0.568 0.6942 绿漆铝板 1.318 0.335 0.227 0.906 0.3715 0.359 
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表 2 在入射角为50°，相对方位角为180°时，三种模型DoLP仿真值与实测值的均方根误差
Table 2. Root mean square error of DoLP simulation values and actual measurements for three models at an incident angle of 50° and a relative azimuth angle of 180°
样品 RMSE1 RMSE2 RMSE3 百分比/% 聚丙烯塑料板 0.0936 0.0486 0.0275 70.61%43.41% 99氧化铝陶瓷板 0.0426 0.0274 0.0187 56.1%31.75% 铁板 0.0504 0.0316 0.0223 55.75%29.43% 绿漆铝板 0.0285 0.0188 0.0129 54.73%31.38%
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表 3 在入射角60°，相对方位角180°时，三种模型DoLP仿真值与实测值的均方根误差
Table 3. Root mean square error of DoLP simulation values and actual measurements for three models at an incident angle of 60° and a relative azimuth angle of 180°
样品 RMSE1 RMSE2 RMSE3 百分比/% 聚丙烯
塑料板0.0831 0.0548 0.0312 62.45%
43.07%99氧化铝
陶瓷板0.0573 0.0388 0.0228 60.21%
41.23%铁板 0.0642 0.0402 0.0246 53.89%
38.81%绿漆铝板 0.0368 0.0249 0.0178 51.63%
28.51%
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表 4 在入射角50°，观测角50°时，三种模型DoLP仿真值与实测值的均方根误差
Table 4. Root mean square error of DoLP simulation and measurement values for three models at an incident angle of 50° and an observation angle of 50°
样品 RMSE1 RMSE2 RMSE3 百分比/% 聚丙烯
塑料板0.0613 0.0484 0.0289 52.85%
40.29%99氧化铝
陶瓷板0.0419 0.0295 0.0215 48.69%
27.12%铁板 0.0377 0.0281 0.0196 48.01%
30.24%绿漆铝板 0.0254 0.0182 0.0137 46.06%
24.73%
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