Research progress of the laser vibration measurement techniques for acoustic-to-seismic coupling landmine detection
doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0134
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摘要: 基于地雷独特机械特性和声-地震耦合原理的声-地震耦合探雷技术，在埋设地雷的安全有效探测方面具有广阔的应用前景，但针对实用工程探雷系统的研究还需要做大量工作。其中，声波耦合的地表振动信号非常微弱复杂，如何对其进行精确快速测量是一个关键难题。本文在声-地震耦合探雷技术原理的基础上，对地表振动的非接触激光测量技术（包括激光多普勒干涉技术、电子散斑干涉技术和激光自混合干涉技术）进行综述分析，并分析了电子剪切散斑干涉技术用于声-地震耦合探雷的可行性。Abstract: Acoustic-to-seismic coupling landmine detection technology based on the unique mechanical characteristics of landmines and the acoustic-to-seismic coupling principle has broad application prospects in safe and effective detection of landmines. However, a significant amount of work must be done to study the practical landmine detection system. Among them, the acoustic coupled surface vibration signals are very weak and complicated, which has always been a challenging problem to detect such signals accurately and quickly. In this paper, the non-contact laser measurement techniques of surface vibrations based on the principle of the acoustic-to-seismic coupling landmine detection technology were reviewed, including laser Doppler interferometry, electronic speckle pattern interferometry and laser self-mixing interferometry, etc., and the application feasibility of electronic speckle-shearing pattern interferometry in acoustic-to-seismic coupling landmine detection was analyzed.
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Figure 3. Schematic diagram of acoustic-to-seismic coupling landmine detection experimental system
Figure 5. Experimental measurement results based on a single-beam LDV[30]. (a) A scanned patch of 1 m × 1 m. (b) 2-D color map. (c) 3-D color map.
Figure 8. Scanning results of the single-beam LDV (a) and the moving beam LDVs[32] at 0.4 m/s (b), 0.8 m/s (c), and 1.6 m/s (d) moving speed
Figure 9. Multi-beam LDV[35]. (a) Schema of the experimental setup. (b) Multi-beam LDV mounted on a forklift.
Figure 10. Anti-tank landmine VS2.2 buried 15 cm deep at different scanning speeds[35]. (a) 10 cm/s. (b) 20 cm/s. (c) 50 cm/s. (d) 100 cm/s.
Figure 13. Spatial maps of buried landmines[44]. (a) Fringe pattern. (b) Grayscale image.
Figure 16. Color maps of the test-bed[50]. (a) Two-dimensional (2D) color map. (b) Three-dimensional (3D) color map, derived from (a).
Figure 18. Interference fringes at different decibel levels. (a) Type 69 anti-tank plastic landmine. (b) Interference fringe at 100 dB. (c) Interference fringe at 95 dB. (d) Interference fringe at 100 dB.
Table 1. Characteristics of the above laser vibrometers
Laser Vibrometers LDV ESPI Laser self-mixing vibrometer Displacement sensitivity 1 nm 0.1 μm 0.01 nm Types of detectable landmines metal and non-metal landmines metal and non-metal landmines metal and non-metal landmines Response speed need to collect multiple points of vibration signals for further processing real-time display of interference fringes need to collect multiple points of vibration signals for further processing Measurement area at one time single or multiple points 50 cm×50 cm single point Influence of environment susceptible to vegetation susceptible to the vibration of the surrounding environment susceptible to vegetation Structure complicated and large in size complicated and large in size simple optical path and small in size 
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Table 2. Advantages and disadvantages of the above laser vibrometers
Laser Vibrometers Advantages Disadvantages LDV high sensitivity; high measurement accuracy; easy to
control large-area laser beam scanninglong scanning time; susceptible to vegetation;
the structure is very complicatedESPI Achieves fast scanning detection of a large area;
real-time display of interference fringeshigh vibration isolation requirements; the structure is complicated and the size is large Laser self-mixing vibrometer simple optical path; great stability; high sensitivity
and high measurement accuracylong scanning time; susceptible to vegetation
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