Optical path of laser detection and stray light suppression for multiple thermal fluids
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摘要: 为实现多元热流体组分含量激光在线检测，根据多次反射吸收光谱原理提出了长光程开放光路反射阵列光学池，研究了不同光斑直径下光束发散角和对准误差对多元热流体检测系统接收效率的影响，并且针对高温注汽管道内壁产生的杂散辐射提出一种新型消杂光结构。研究结果表明：反射镜镀膜为银膜，光学窗口材料为熔融石英，多次反射结构的最佳反射次数为40次，有效吸收光程为220 cm；对于不同光斑直径的检测光束，发散角与对准误差的增大对系统接收效率的衰减趋势和衰减幅度基本一致；离轴角为5°时，系统点源透射比（PST）为1.21×10-7。最后通过高温管道内壁热辐射抑制实验验证了杂光抑制结构的有效性。Abstract: In order to attain highlysensitive on-line laser detection for the component content of multiple thermal fluids, an open-path reflection array optical cell with longer absorption path-length is designed based on the principles of multiple reflection and absorption spectroscopy. The influences of beam divergence and alignment error on receiving efficiency under different beam diameters are investigated. In addition, in order to suppress the interference of the stray radiation produced by the high temperature inner wall of steam injection pipeline to the receiving signal, a new type of stray light suppression structure is introduced. The results show that when the reflector coating is silver and optical window material is fused silica, the best reflection time is 42 and the effective absorption path length is 220 cm. For measuring laser with different beam diameters, the attenuationtrend and amplitude of the system receiving efficiency are similar with theincrease of divergence angle and alignment error. When the off-field angle is 5°, the PST is 1.21×10-7. The effectiveness of the stray light suppression structure is proven by the experiment of suppression to heat radiation from high temperature pipeline.
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图 2 (a) 多元热流体在线激光检测系统装配；(b)开放光路反射阵列光学池示意图；(c)直角棱镜几何参数
Figure 2. (a)Assembly of on-line laser detection system for multiple thermal fluids; (b)schematic of open-path reflection array optical cell; (c)geometric parameters of right-angle prisms
图 3 (a) 反射镜镀膜材料反射率；(b)光学窗口材料透过率
Figure 3. (a)Reflectivity of reflector coating materials; (b)transmissivity of optical window materials
图 4 最低检测限与吸收光程的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between minimum detectivity and absorption path length
图 6 具有杂散辐射抑制结构的离轴光学接收系统
Figure 6. Off-axis optical receiver with stray radiation suppression structure
图 9 (a) 系统接收效率与光束发散角的变化关系; (b)系统接收效率与对准误差的关系
Figure 9. (a)Relationship between receiving efficiency and beam divergence; (b)receiving efficiency varies with the alignment error
图 10 消光螺纹的消光比. (a)基长LET1=1 mm; (b)基长LET2=2.5 mm; (c)基长LET3=3 mm
Figure 10. Extinction ratio of extinction threads. (a)Base length LET1=1 mm; (b)base length LET2=2.5 mm; (c)base length LET3=3 mm
图 11 (a) 加入消光螺纹的系统PST; (b)加入球型滤光腔的系统PST
Figure 11. (a)PST of optical receiver after adding extinction threads; (b)PST of optical receiver after adding spherical filter cavity
图 12 高温管道内壁热辐射抑制实验
Figure 12. Experiment of suppression to heat radiation from high-temperature pipeline inner wall
图 13 测量结果(a)不同实验条件下探测器接收到的原始信号；(b)吸收率函数拟合
Figure 13. Measurement results. (a)Original signals received in the detector under different experiment conditions; (b)absorptivity function fitting
表 1 不同光学窗口材料的热性能与机械性能
Table 1. Thermal and mechanical properties of different optical window materials
Properties Fused silica CaF2 ZnSe Melting point/℃ 1 713 1 360 1 525 Linear expansion coefficient/10-6·K-1@623 K 0.56 7.3 7.8 Thermal conductivity/W·m-1·K-1@623 K 1.76 9.71 16.9 Young's modulus/GPa 72.3 75.8 67.2 Rupture modulus/MPa 64 36.5 57 Poisson's ratio 0.17 0.26 0.28 
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